Receptor da vitamina D: Diferenzas entre revisións

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O '''receptor da vitamina D''' ('''VDR''') ou '''receptor do calcitriol''', tamén chamado '''NR1I1''' (receptor nuclear familia 1, grupo I, membro 1), é un membro da familia dos [[receptor nuclear|receptores nucleares]] de [[factor de transcrición|factores de transcrición]].<ref name="pmid17132852">{{cite journal | vauthors = Moore DD, Kato S, Xie W, Mangelsdorf DJ, Schmidt DR, Xiao R, Kliewer SA | title = International Union of Pharmacology. LXII. The NR1H and NR1I receptors: constitutive androstane receptor, pregnene X receptor, farnesoid X receptor alpha, farnesoid X receptor beta, liver X receptor alpha, liver X receptor beta, and vitamin D receptor | journal = Pharmacol. Rev. | volume = 58 | issue = 4 | pages = 742–59 | date = December 2006 | pmid = 17132852 | doi = 10.1124/pr.58.4.6 }}</ref> O [[calcitriol]], é a forma activa da [[vitamina D]], e únese ao VDR, que despois forma un [[heterodímero]] co [[receptor X retinoide]]. Este despois únese aos [[elemento de resposta a hormonas|elementos de resposta a hormonas]] do [[ADN]], o que resulta na [[expresión xénica|expresión]] ou [[transrepresión]] de produtos xénicos específicos. O VDR non só regula as respostas transcricionais senón que tamén implica mecanismos postranscricionais dirixidos por [[microARN]].<ref name="pmid23362149">{{cite journal | vauthors = Lisse TS, Chun RF, Rieger S, Adams JS, Hewison M | title = Vitamin D activation of functionally distinct regulatory miRNAs in primary human osteoblasts | journal = J Bone Miner Res. | volume = 28 | issue = 6 | pages = 1478-14788 | date = June 2013 | pmid = 23362149 | doi = 10.1002/jbmr.1882 }}</ref> En humanos, o receptor da vitamina D está codificado polo xene ''VDR'' situado no [[cromosoma 12 humano]].<ref name="pmid1662663">{{cite journal | vauthors = Szpirer J, Szpirer C, Riviere M, Levan G, Marynen P, Cassiman JJ, Wiese R, DeLuca HF | title = The Sp1 transcription factor gene (SP1) and the 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 receptor gene (VDR) are colocalized on human chromosome arm 12q and rat chromosome 7 | journal = Genomics | volume = 11 | issue = 1 | pages = 168–73 | date = September 1991 | pmid = 1662663 | doi = 10.1016/0888-7543(91)90114-T | url = http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0888-7543(91)90114-T }}</ref>
O '''receptor da vitamina D''' ('''VDR''') ou '''receptor do calcitriol''', tamén chamado '''NR1I1''' (receptor nuclear familia 1, grupo I, membro 1), é un membro da familia dos [[receptor nuclear|receptores nucleares]] de [[factor de transcrición|factores de transcrición]].<ref name="pmid17132852">{{Cita publicación periódica | vauthors = Moore DD, Kato S, Xie W, Mangelsdorf DJ, Schmidt DR, Xiao R, Kliewer SA | title = International Union of Pharmacology. LXII. The NR1H and NR1I receptors: constitutive androstane receptor, pregnene X receptor, farnesoid X receptor alpha, farnesoid X receptor beta, liver X receptor alpha, liver X receptor beta, and vitamin D receptor | journal = Pharmacol. Rev. | volume = 58 | issue = 4 | pages = 742–59 | date = December 2006 | pmid = 17132852 | doi = 10.1124/pr.58.4.6 }}</ref> O [[calcitriol]], é a forma activa da [[vitamina D]], e únese ao VDR, que despois forma un [[heterodímero]] co [[receptor X retinoide]]. Este despois únese aos [[elemento de resposta a hormonas|elementos de resposta a hormonas]] do [[ADN]], o que resulta na [[expresión xénica|expresión]] ou [[transrepresión]] de produtos xénicos específicos. O VDR non só regula as respostas transcricionais senón que tamén implica mecanismos postranscricionais dirixidos por [[microARN]].<ref name="pmid23362149">{{Cita publicación periódica | vauthors = Lisse TS, Chun RF, Rieger S, Adams JS, Hewison M | title = Vitamin D activation of functionally distinct regulatory miRNAs in primary human osteoblasts | journal = J Bone Miner Res. | volume = 28 | issue = 6 | pages = 1478-14788 | date = June 2013 | pmid = 23362149 | doi = 10.1002/jbmr.1882 }}</ref> En humanos, o receptor da vitamina D está codificado polo xene ''VDR'' situado no [[cromosoma 12 humano]].<ref name="pmid1662663">{{Cita publicación periódica | vauthors = Szpirer J, Szpirer C, Riviere M, Levan G, Marynen P, Cassiman JJ, Wiese R, DeLuca HF | title = The Sp1 transcription factor gene (SP1) and the 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 receptor gene (VDR) are colocalized on human chromosome arm 12q and rat chromosome 7 | journal = Genomics | volume = 11 | issue = 1 | pages = 168–73 | date = September 1991 | pmid = 1662663 | doi = 10.1016/0888-7543(91)90114-T | url = http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0888-7543(91)90114-T }}</ref>


Os [[glicocorticoide]]s diminúen a expresión do VDR, que se expresa na maioría dos tecidos do corpo e regula o transporte [[intestinal]] de [[calcio]], [[ferro]] e outros minerais.<ref name="pmid21182397">{{cite journal | vauthors = Fleet JC, Schoch RD | title = Molecular Mechanisms for Regulation of Intestinal Calcium Absorption by Vitamin D and Other Factors | journal = Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci | volume = 47 | issue = 4 | pages = 181–195 | date = August 2010 | pmid = 21182397 | doi = 10.3109/10408363.2010.536429 | url = http://informahealthcare.com/doi/abs/10.3109/10408363.2010.536429 | pmc=3235806}}</ref>
Os [[glicocorticoide]]s diminúen a expresión do VDR, que se expresa na maioría dos tecidos do corpo e regula o transporte [[intestinal]] de [[calcio]], [[ferro]] e outros minerais.<ref name="pmid21182397">{{Cita publicación periódica | vauthors = Fleet JC, Schoch RD | title = Molecular Mechanisms for Regulation of Intestinal Calcium Absorption by Vitamin D and Other Factors | journal = Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci | volume = 47 | issue = 4 | pages = 181–195 | date = August 2010 | pmid = 21182397 | doi = 10.3109/10408363.2010.536429 | url = http://informahealthcare.com/doi/abs/10.3109/10408363.2010.536429 | pmc=3235806}}</ref>


== Función ==
== Función ==


Este xene codifica o receptor nuclear de hormonas para a [[vitamina D3|vitamina D<sub>3</sub>]] (calcitriol). Este receptor tamén funciona como receptor para o [[ácido biliar]] secundario [[ácido litocólico]]. O receptor pertence á familia dos factores reguladores transcricionais que actúan en trans e mostran unha similitude de secuencia cos receptores de [[hormona tiroide|hormonas tiroides]] e [[hormona esteroide|esteroides]].<ref name="pmid17132848">{{cite journal | vauthors = Germain P, Staels B, Dacquet C, Spedding M, Laudet V | title = Overview of nomenclature of nuclear receptors | journal = Pharmacol. Rev. | volume = 58 | issue = 4 | pages = 685–704 | date = December 2006 | pmid = 17132848 | doi = 10.1124/pr.58.4.2 }}</ref>
Este xene codifica o receptor nuclear de hormonas para a [[vitamina D3|vitamina D<sub>3</sub>]] (calcitriol). Este receptor tamén funciona como receptor para o [[ácido biliar]] secundario [[ácido litocólico]]. O receptor pertence á familia dos factores reguladores transcricionais que actúan en trans e mostran unha similitude de secuencia cos receptores de [[hormona tiroide|hormonas tiroides]] e [[hormona esteroide|esteroides]].<ref name="pmid17132848">{{Cita publicación periódica | vauthors = Germain P, Staels B, Dacquet C, Spedding M, Laudet V | title = Overview of nomenclature of nuclear receptors | journal = Pharmacol. Rev. | volume = 58 | issue = 4 | pages = 685–704 | date = December 2006 | pmid = 17132848 | doi = 10.1124/pr.58.4.2 }}</ref>


As dianas ''augas abaixo'' da ruta deste receptor nuclear de hormonas están implicadas principalmente no [[metabolismo]] mineral aínda que o receptor regula unha variedade doutras [[vía metabólica|vías metabólicas]], como as implicadas na [[resposta inmunitaria]] e o [[cancro]].<ref name="pmid16848743">{{cite journal | vauthors = Adorini L, Daniel KC, Penna G | title = Vitamin D receptor agonists, cancer and the immune system: an intricate relationship | journal = Curr Top Med Chem | volume = 6 | issue = 12 | pages = 1297–301 | year = 2006 | pmid = 16848743 | doi = 10.2174/156802606777864890 }}</ref>
As dianas ''augas abaixo'' da ruta deste receptor nuclear de hormonas están implicadas principalmente no [[metabolismo]] mineral aínda que o receptor regula unha variedade doutras [[vía metabólica|vías metabólicas]], como as implicadas na [[resposta inmunitaria]] e o [[cancro]].<ref name="pmid16848743">{{Cita publicación periódica | vauthors = Adorini L, Daniel KC, Penna G | title = Vitamin D receptor agonists, cancer and the immune system: an intricate relationship | journal = Curr Top Med Chem | volume = 6 | issue = 12 | pages = 1297–301 | year = 2006 | pmid = 16848743 | doi = 10.2174/156802606777864890 }}</ref>


As [[mutación]]s neste xene están asociadas co [[raquitismo]] resistente a vitamina D tipo II. Un [[polimorfismo dun só nucleótido]] no [[codón]] de iniciación ten como resultado un sitio alternativo de inicio da [[tradución de proteínas|tradución]] situado tres codóns ''[[augas abaixo]]''. O [[empalme alternativo]] dá lugar a múltiples variantes de empalme ou splicing que codifican a mesma proteína.<ref name="entrez">{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: VDR vitamin D (1,25- dihydroxyvitamin D3) receptor| url = https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=7421| accessdate = }}</ref>
As [[mutación]]s neste xene están asociadas co [[raquitismo]] resistente a vitamina D tipo II. Un [[polimorfismo dun só nucleótido]] no [[codón]] de iniciación ten como resultado un sitio alternativo de inicio da [[tradución de proteínas|tradución]] situado tres codóns ''[[augas abaixo]]''. O [[empalme alternativo]] dá lugar a múltiples variantes de empalme ou splicing que codifican a mesma proteína.<ref name="entrez">{{Cita web | title = Entrez Gene: VDR vitamin D (1,25- dihydroxyvitamin D3) receptor| url = https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=7421| accessdate = }}</ref>


O receptor da vitamina D xoga un importante papel na regulación do ciclo do pelo. A perda do VDR está asociada coa perda de pelo en animais experimentais.<ref name="pmid20138991">{{cite journal | vauthors = Luderer HF, Demay MB | title = The vitamin D receptor, the skin and stem cells | journal = J. Steroid Biochem. Mol. Biol. | volume = 121 | issue = 1–2 | pages = 314–6 | date = July 2010 | pmid = 20138991 | doi = 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2010.01.015 }}</ref> Os estudos experimentais mostraron que o VDR non unido a [[ligando]] interacciona con rexións reguladoras en cWnt ([[vía de sinalización wnt]]) e xenes diana da proteína [[sonic hedgehog]] (ourizo sónico) e é necesario para a indución destas vías durante o ciclo do pelo posnatal.<ref name="pmid25180455">{{cite journal | vauthors = Lisse TS, Saini V, Zhao H, Luderer HF, Gori F, Demay MB | title = The Vitamin D Receptor Is Required for Activation of cWnt and Hedgehog Signaling in Keratinocytes | journal = Mol. Endocrinol. | volume = 28 | issue = 10 | pages = 1698–1706 | date = September 2014 | pmid = 25180455 | doi = 10.1210/me.2014-1043 | pmc=4179637}}</ref> Estes estudos revelaron novas accións do VDR non unido a ligando na regulación do ciclo do pelo posmorfoxénico.
O receptor da vitamina D xoga un importante papel na regulación do ciclo do pelo. A perda do VDR está asociada coa perda de pelo en animais experimentais.<ref name="pmid20138991">{{Cita publicación periódica | vauthors = Luderer HF, Demay MB | title = The vitamin D receptor, the skin and stem cells | journal = J. Steroid Biochem. Mol. Biol. | volume = 121 | issue = 1–2 | pages = 314–6 | date = July 2010 | pmid = 20138991 | doi = 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2010.01.015 }}</ref> Os estudos experimentais mostraron que o VDR non unido a [[ligando]] interacciona con rexións reguladoras en cWnt ([[vía de sinalización wnt]]) e xenes diana da proteína [[sonic hedgehog]] (ourizo sónico) e é necesario para a indución destas vías durante o ciclo do pelo posnatal.<ref name="pmid25180455">{{Cita publicación periódica | vauthors = Lisse TS, Saini V, Zhao H, Luderer HF, Gori F, Demay MB | title = The Vitamin D Receptor Is Required for Activation of cWnt and Hedgehog Signaling in Keratinocytes | journal = Mol. Endocrinol. | volume = 28 | issue = 10 | pages = 1698–1706 | date = September 2014 | pmid = 25180455 | doi = 10.1210/me.2014-1043 | pmc=4179637}}</ref> Estes estudos revelaron novas accións do VDR non unido a ligando na regulación do ciclo do pelo posmorfoxénico.


== Interaccións ==
== Interaccións ==
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O receptor do calcitriol presenta [[interacción proteína-proteína|interaccións]] con:
O receptor do calcitriol presenta [[interacción proteína-proteína|interaccións]] con:


* [[BAG1]],<ref name="pmid10967105">{{cite journal | vauthors = Guzey M, Takayama S, Reed JC | title = BAG1L enhances trans-activation function of the vitamin D receptor | journal = J. Biol. Chem. | volume = 275 | issue = 52 | pages = 40749–56 | date = December 2000 | pmid = 10967105 | doi = 10.1074/jbc.M004977200 }}</ref>
* [[BAG1]],<ref name="pmid10967105">{{Cita publicación periódica | vauthors = Guzey M, Takayama S, Reed JC | title = BAG1L enhances trans-activation function of the vitamin D receptor | journal = J. Biol. Chem. | volume = 275 | issue = 52 | pages = 40749–56 | date = December 2000 | pmid = 10967105 | doi = 10.1074/jbc.M004977200 }}</ref>
* [[BAZ1B]],<ref name=pmid12837248/>
* [[BAZ1B]],<ref name=pmid12837248/>
* [[Caveolin 3|CAV3]],<ref name="pmid20015453">{{cite journal | vauthors = Zhao G, Simpson RU | title = Membrane Localization, Caveolin-3 Association and Rapid Actions of Vitamin D Receptor in Cardiac Myocytes | journal = Steroids | volume = 75 | issue = 8–9 | pages = 555–9 | year = 2010 | pmid = 20015453 | pmc = 2885558 | doi = 10.1016/j.steroids.2009.12.001 }}</ref>
* [[Caveolin 3|CAV3]],<ref name="pmid20015453">{{Cita publicación periódica | vauthors = Zhao G, Simpson RU | title = Membrane Localization, Caveolin-3 Association and Rapid Actions of Vitamin D Receptor in Cardiac Myocytes | journal = Steroids | volume = 75 | issue = 8–9 | pages = 555–9 | year = 2010 | pmid = 20015453 | pmc = 2885558 | doi = 10.1016/j.steroids.2009.12.001 }}</ref>
* [[MED1]],<ref name=pmid12837248/><ref name="pmid10198638">{{cite journal | vauthors = Ito M, Yuan CX, Malik S, Gu W, Fondell JD, Yamamura S, Fu ZY, Zhang X, Qin J, Roeder RG | title = Identity between TRAP and SMCC complexes indicates novel pathways for the function of nuclear receptors and diverse mammalian activators | journal = Mol. Cell | volume = 3 | issue = 3 | pages = 361–70 | date = March 1999 | pmid = 10198638 | doi = 10.1016/S1097-2765(00)80463-3 }}</ref>
* [[MED1]],<ref name=pmid12837248/><ref name="pmid10198638">{{Cita publicación periódica | vauthors = Ito M, Yuan CX, Malik S, Gu W, Fondell JD, Yamamura S, Fu ZY, Zhang X, Qin J, Roeder RG | title = Identity between TRAP and SMCC complexes indicates novel pathways for the function of nuclear receptors and diverse mammalian activators | journal = Mol. Cell | volume = 3 | issue = 3 | pages = 361–70 | date = March 1999 | pmid = 10198638 | doi = 10.1016/S1097-2765(00)80463-3 }}</ref>
* [[MED12]],<ref name=pmid12837248/><ref name=pmid10198638/>
* [[MED12]],<ref name=pmid12837248/><ref name=pmid10198638/>
* [[MED24]],<ref name=pmid12837248/><ref name=pmid10198638/>
* [[MED24]],<ref name=pmid12837248/><ref name=pmid10198638/>
* [[Nuclear receptor co-repressor 1|NCOR1]],<ref name="pmid9878542">{{cite journal | vauthors = Tagami T, Lutz WH, Kumar R, Jameson JL | title = The interaction of the vitamin D receptor with nuclear receptor corepressors and coactivators | journal = Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. | volume = 253 | issue = 2 | pages = 358–63 | date = December 1998 | pmid = 9878542 | doi = 10.1006/bbrc.1998.9799 }}</ref>
* [[Nuclear receptor co-repressor 1|NCOR1]],<ref name="pmid9878542">{{Cita publicación periódica | vauthors = Tagami T, Lutz WH, Kumar R, Jameson JL | title = The interaction of the vitamin D receptor with nuclear receptor corepressors and coactivators | journal = Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. | volume = 253 | issue = 2 | pages = 358–63 | date = December 1998 | pmid = 9878542 | doi = 10.1006/bbrc.1998.9799 }}</ref>
* [[Nuclear receptor co-repressor 2|NCOR2]],<ref name=pmid9878542/><ref name=pmid12460926/>
* [[Nuclear receptor co-repressor 2|NCOR2]],<ref name=pmid9878542/><ref name=pmid12460926/>
* [[Nuclear receptor coactivator 2|NCOA2]],<ref name="pmid12837248">{{cite journal | vauthors = Kitagawa H, Fujiki R, Yoshimura K, Mezaki Y, Uematsu Y, Matsui D, Ogawa S, Unno K, Okubo M, Tokita A, Nakagawa T, Ito T, Ishimi Y, Nagasawa H, Matsumoto T, Yanagisawa J, Kato S | title = The chromatin-remodeling complex WINAC targets a nuclear receptor to promoters and is impaired in Williams syndrome | journal = Cell | volume = 113 | issue = 7 | pages = 905–17 | date = June 2003 | pmid = 12837248 | doi = 10.1016/S0092-8674(03)00436-7 }}</ref><ref name="pmid10748178">{{cite journal | vauthors = Herdick M, Steinmeyer A, Carlberg C | title = Antagonistic action of a 25-carboxylic ester analogue of 1alpha, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 is mediated by a lack of ligand-induced vitamin D receptor interaction with coactivators | journal = J. Biol. Chem. | volume = 275 | issue = 22 | pages = 16506–12 | date = June 2000 | pmid = 10748178 | doi = 10.1074/jbc.M910000199 }}</ref><ref name=pmid11514567/><ref name="pmid12612084">{{cite journal | vauthors = He B, Wilson EM | title = Electrostatic Modulation in Steroid Receptor Recruitment of LXXLL and FXXLF Motifs | journal = Mol. Cell. Biol. | volume = 23 | issue = 6 | pages = 2135–50 | date = March 2003 | pmid = 12612084 | pmc = 149467 | doi = 10.1128/MCB.23.6.2135-2150.2003 }}</ref>
* [[Nuclear receptor coactivator 2|NCOA2]],<ref name="pmid12837248">{{Cita publicación periódica | vauthors = Kitagawa H, Fujiki R, Yoshimura K, Mezaki Y, Uematsu Y, Matsui D, Ogawa S, Unno K, Okubo M, Tokita A, Nakagawa T, Ito T, Ishimi Y, Nagasawa H, Matsumoto T, Yanagisawa J, Kato S | title = The chromatin-remodeling complex WINAC targets a nuclear receptor to promoters and is impaired in Williams syndrome | journal = Cell | volume = 113 | issue = 7 | pages = 905–17 | date = June 2003 | pmid = 12837248 | doi = 10.1016/S0092-8674(03)00436-7 }}</ref><ref name="pmid10748178">{{Cita publicación periódica | vauthors = Herdick M, Steinmeyer A, Carlberg C | title = Antagonistic action of a 25-carboxylic ester analogue of 1alpha, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 is mediated by a lack of ligand-induced vitamin D receptor interaction with coactivators | journal = J. Biol. Chem. | volume = 275 | issue = 22 | pages = 16506–12 | date = June 2000 | pmid = 10748178 | doi = 10.1074/jbc.M910000199 }}</ref><ref name=pmid11514567/><ref name="pmid12612084">{{Cita publicación periódica | vauthors = He B, Wilson EM | title = Electrostatic Modulation in Steroid Receptor Recruitment of LXXLL and FXXLF Motifs | journal = Mol. Cell. Biol. | volume = 23 | issue = 6 | pages = 2135–50 | date = March 2003 | pmid = 12612084 | pmc = 149467 | doi = 10.1128/MCB.23.6.2135-2150.2003 }}</ref>
* [[Retinoid X receptor alpha|RXRA]],<ref name=pmid11514567/><ref name=pmid9632709/>
* [[Retinoid X receptor alpha|RXRA]],<ref name=pmid11514567/><ref name=pmid9632709/>
* [[RUNX1]],<ref name=pmid12460926/>
* [[RUNX1]],<ref name=pmid12460926/>
* [[RUNX1T1]],<ref name=pmid12460926/>
* [[RUNX1T1]],<ref name=pmid12460926/>
* [[SNW1]],<ref name="pmid11514567">{{cite journal | vauthors = Zhang C, Baudino TA, Dowd DR, Tokumaru H, Wang W, MacDonald PN | title = Ternary complexes and cooperative interplay between NCoA-62/Ski-interacting protein and steroid receptor coactivators in vitamin D receptor-mediated transcription | journal = J. Biol. Chem. | volume = 276 | issue = 44 | pages = 40614–20 | date = November 2001 | pmid = 11514567 | doi = 10.1074/jbc.M106263200 }}</ref><ref name="pmid9632709">{{cite journal | vauthors = Baudino TA, Kraichely DM, Jefcoat SC, Winchester SK, Partridge NC, MacDonald PN | title = Isolation and characterization of a novel coactivator protein, NCoA-62, involved in vitamin D-mediated transcription | journal = J. Biol. Chem. | volume = 273 | issue = 26 | pages = 16434–41 | date = June 1998 | pmid = 9632709 | doi = 10.1074/jbc.273.26.16434 }}</ref>
* [[SNW1]],<ref name="pmid11514567">{{Cita publicación periódica | vauthors = Zhang C, Baudino TA, Dowd DR, Tokumaru H, Wang W, MacDonald PN | title = Ternary complexes and cooperative interplay between NCoA-62/Ski-interacting protein and steroid receptor coactivators in vitamin D receptor-mediated transcription | journal = J. Biol. Chem. | volume = 276 | issue = 44 | pages = 40614–20 | date = November 2001 | pmid = 11514567 | doi = 10.1074/jbc.M106263200 }}</ref><ref name="pmid9632709">{{Cita publicación periódica | vauthors = Baudino TA, Kraichely DM, Jefcoat SC, Winchester SK, Partridge NC, MacDonald PN | title = Isolation and characterization of a novel coactivator protein, NCoA-62, involved in vitamin D-mediated transcription | journal = J. Biol. Chem. | volume = 273 | issue = 26 | pages = 16434–41 | date = June 1998 | pmid = 9632709 | doi = 10.1074/jbc.273.26.16434 }}</ref>
* [[STAT1]],<ref name="pmid11909970">{{cite journal | vauthors = Vidal M, Ramana CV, Dusso AS | title = Stat1-Vitamin D Receptor Interactions Antagonize 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D Transcriptional Activity and Enhance Stat1-Mediated Transcription | journal = Mol. Cell. Biol. | volume = 22 | issue = 8 | pages = 2777–87 | date = April 2002 | pmid = 11909970 | pmc = 133712 | doi = 10.1128/MCB.22.8.2777-2787.2002 }}</ref> e
* [[STAT1]],<ref name="pmid11909970">{{Cita publicación periódica | vauthors = Vidal M, Ramana CV, Dusso AS | title = Stat1-Vitamin D Receptor Interactions Antagonize 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D Transcriptional Activity and Enhance Stat1-Mediated Transcription | journal = Mol. Cell. Biol. | volume = 22 | issue = 8 | pages = 2777–87 | date = April 2002 | pmid = 11909970 | pmc = 133712 | doi = 10.1128/MCB.22.8.2777-2787.2002 }}</ref> e
* [[Zinc finger and BTB domain-containing protein 16|ZBTB16]].<ref name="pmid12460926">{{cite journal | vauthors = Puccetti E, Obradovic D, Beissert T, Bianchini A, Washburn B, Chiaradonna F, Boehrer S, Hoelzer D, Ottmann OG, Pelicci PG, Nervi C, Ruthardt M | title = AML-associated translocation products block vitamin D(3)-induced differentiation by sequestering the vitamin D(3) receptor | journal = Cancer Res. | volume = 62 | issue = 23 | pages = 7050–8 | date = December 2002 | pmid = 12460926 | doi = }}</ref><ref name="pmid11719366">{{cite journal | vauthors = Ward JO, McConnell MJ, Carlile GW, Pandolfi PP, Licht JD, Freedman LP | title = The acute promyelocytic leukemia-associated protein, promyelocytic leukemia zinc finger, regulates 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3)-induced monocytic differentiation of U937 cells through a physical interaction with vitamin D(3) receptor | journal = Blood | volume = 98 | issue = 12 | pages = 3290–300 | date = December 2001 | pmid = 11719366 | doi = 10.1182/blood.V98.12.3290 }}</ref>
* [[Zinc finger and BTB domain-containing protein 16|ZBTB16]].<ref name="pmid12460926">{{Cita publicación periódica | vauthors = Puccetti E, Obradovic D, Beissert T, Bianchini A, Washburn B, Chiaradonna F, Boehrer S, Hoelzer D, Ottmann OG, Pelicci PG, Nervi C, Ruthardt M | title = AML-associated translocation products block vitamin D(3)-induced differentiation by sequestering the vitamin D(3) receptor | journal = Cancer Res. | volume = 62 | issue = 23 | pages = 7050–8 | date = December 2002 | pmid = 12460926 | doi = }}</ref><ref name="pmid11719366">{{Cita publicación periódica | vauthors = Ward JO, McConnell MJ, Carlile GW, Pandolfi PP, Licht JD, Freedman LP | title = The acute promyelocytic leukemia-associated protein, promyelocytic leukemia zinc finger, regulates 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3)-induced monocytic differentiation of U937 cells through a physical interaction with vitamin D(3) receptor | journal = Blood | volume = 98 | issue = 12 | pages = 3290–300 | date = December 2001 | pmid = 11719366 | doi = 10.1182/blood.V98.12.3290 }}</ref>


== Notas ==
== Notas ==
Liña 63: Liña 63:
== Véxase tamén ==
== Véxase tamén ==
=== Bibliografía ===
=== Bibliografía ===
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Hosoi T | title = [Polymorphisms of vitamin D receptor gene] | journal = Nippon Rinsho | volume = 60 Suppl 3 | issue = | pages = 106–10 | year = 2002 | pmid = 11979895 | doi = }}
* {{Cita publicación periódica | vauthors = Hosoi T | title = [Polymorphisms of vitamin D receptor gene] | journal = Nippon Rinsho | volume = 60 Suppl 3 | issue = | pages = 106–10 | year = 2002 | pmid = 11979895 | doi = }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Uitterlinden AG, Fang Y, Van Meurs JB, Pols HA, Van Leeuwen JP | title = Genetics and biology of vitamin D receptor polymorphisms | journal = Gene | volume = 338 | issue = 2 | pages = 143–56 | year = 2004 | pmid = 15315818 | doi = 10.1016/j.gene.2004.05.014 }}
* {{Cita publicación periódica | vauthors = Uitterlinden AG, Fang Y, Van Meurs JB, Pols HA, Van Leeuwen JP | title = Genetics and biology of vitamin D receptor polymorphisms | journal = Gene | volume = 338 | issue = 2 | pages = 143–56 | year = 2004 | pmid = 15315818 | doi = 10.1016/j.gene.2004.05.014 }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Norman AW | title = Minireview: vitamin D receptor: new assignments for an already busy receptor | journal = Endocrinology | volume = 147 | issue = 12 | pages = 5542–8 | year = 2007 | pmid = 16946007 | doi = 10.1210/en.2006-0946 }}
* {{Cita publicación periódica | vauthors = Norman AW | title = Minireview: vitamin D receptor: new assignments for an already busy receptor | journal = Endocrinology | volume = 147 | issue = 12 | pages = 5542–8 | year = 2007 | pmid = 16946007 | doi = 10.1210/en.2006-0946 }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Bollag WB | title = Differentiation of human keratinocytes requires the vitamin d receptor and its coactivators | journal = J. Invest. Dermatol. | volume = 127 | issue = 4 | pages = 748–50 | year = 2007 | pmid = 17363957 | doi = 10.1038/sj.jid.5700692 }}
* {{Cita publicación periódica | vauthors = Bollag WB | title = Differentiation of human keratinocytes requires the vitamin d receptor and its coactivators | journal = J. Invest. Dermatol. | volume = 127 | issue = 4 | pages = 748–50 | year = 2007 | pmid = 17363957 | doi = 10.1038/sj.jid.5700692 }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Bugge TH, Pohl J, Lonnoy O, Stunnenberg HG | title = RXR alpha, a promiscuous partner of retinoic acid and thyroid hormone receptors | journal = EMBO J. | volume = 11 | issue = 4 | pages = 1409–18 | year = 1992 | pmid = 1314167 | pmc = 556590 | doi = }}
* {{Cita publicación periódica | vauthors = Bugge TH, Pohl J, Lonnoy O, Stunnenberg HG | title = RXR alpha, a promiscuous partner of retinoic acid and thyroid hormone receptors | journal = EMBO J. | volume = 11 | issue = 4 | pages = 1409–18 | year = 1992 | pmid = 1314167 | pmc = 556590 | doi = }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Goto H, Chen KS, Prahl JM, DeLuca HF | title = A single receptor identical with that from intestine/T47D cells mediates the action of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D-3 in HL-60 cells | journal = Biochim. Biophys. Acta | volume = 1132 | issue = 1 | pages = 103–8 | year = 1992 | pmid = 1324736 | doi = 10.1016/0167-4781(92)90063-6 }}
* {{Cita publicación periódica | vauthors = Goto H, Chen KS, Prahl JM, DeLuca HF | title = A single receptor identical with that from intestine/T47D cells mediates the action of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D-3 in HL-60 cells | journal = Biochim. Biophys. Acta | volume = 1132 | issue = 1 | pages = 103–8 | year = 1992 | pmid = 1324736 | doi = 10.1016/0167-4781(92)90063-6 }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Saijo T, Ito M, Takeda E, Huq AH, Naito E, Yokota I, Sone T, Pike JW, Kuroda Y | title = A unique mutation in the vitamin D receptor gene in three Japanese patients with vitamin D-dependent rickets type II: utility of single-strand conformation polymorphism analysis for heterozygous carrier detection | journal = Am. J. Hum. Genet. | volume = 49 | issue = 3 | pages = 668–73 | year = 1991 | pmid = 1652893 | pmc = 1683124 | doi = }}
* {{Cita publicación periódica | vauthors = Saijo T, Ito M, Takeda E, Huq AH, Naito E, Yokota I, Sone T, Pike JW, Kuroda Y | title = A unique mutation in the vitamin D receptor gene in three Japanese patients with vitamin D-dependent rickets type II: utility of single-strand conformation polymorphism analysis for heterozygous carrier detection | journal = Am. J. Hum. Genet. | volume = 49 | issue = 3 | pages = 668–73 | year = 1991 | pmid = 1652893 | pmc = 1683124 | doi = }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Szpirer J, Szpirer C, Riviere M, Levan G, Marynen P, Cassiman JJ, Wiese R, DeLuca HF | title = The Sp1 transcription factor gene (SP1) and the 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 receptor gene (VDR) are colocalized on human chromosome arm 12q and rat chromosome 7 | journal = Genomics | volume = 11 | issue = 1 | pages = 168–73 | year = 1992 | pmid = 1662663 | doi = 10.1016/0888-7543(91)90114-T }}
* {{Cita publicación periódica | vauthors = Szpirer J, Szpirer C, Riviere M, Levan G, Marynen P, Cassiman JJ, Wiese R, DeLuca HF | title = The Sp1 transcription factor gene (SP1) and the 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 receptor gene (VDR) are colocalized on human chromosome arm 12q and rat chromosome 7 | journal = Genomics | volume = 11 | issue = 1 | pages = 168–73 | year = 1992 | pmid = 1662663 | doi = 10.1016/0888-7543(91)90114-T }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Yu XP, Mocharla H, Hustmyer FG, Manolagas SC | title = Vitamin D receptor expression in human lymphocytes. Signal requirements and characterization by western blots and DNA sequencing | journal = J. Biol. Chem. | volume = 266 | issue = 12 | pages = 7588–95 | year = 1991 | pmid = 1850412 | doi = }}
* {{Cita publicación periódica | vauthors = Yu XP, Mocharla H, Hustmyer FG, Manolagas SC | title = Vitamin D receptor expression in human lymphocytes. Signal requirements and characterization by western blots and DNA sequencing | journal = J. Biol. Chem. | volume = 266 | issue = 12 | pages = 7588–95 | year = 1991 | pmid = 1850412 | doi = }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Malloy PJ, Hochberg Z, Tiosano D, Pike JW, Hughes MR, Feldman D | title = The molecular basis of hereditary 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 resistant rickets in seven related families | journal = J. Clin. Invest. | volume = 86 | issue = 6 | pages = 2071–9 | year = 1991 | pmid = 2174914 | pmc = 329846 | doi = 10.1172/JCI114944 }}
* {{Cita publicación periódica | vauthors = Malloy PJ, Hochberg Z, Tiosano D, Pike JW, Hughes MR, Feldman D | title = The molecular basis of hereditary 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 resistant rickets in seven related families | journal = J. Clin. Invest. | volume = 86 | issue = 6 | pages = 2071–9 | year = 1991 | pmid = 2174914 | pmc = 329846 | doi = 10.1172/JCI114944 }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Sone T, Marx SJ, Liberman UA, Pike JW | title = A unique point mutation in the human vitamin D receptor chromosomal gene confers hereditary resistance to 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 | journal = Mol. Endocrinol. | volume = 4 | issue = 4 | pages = 623–31 | year = 1991 | pmid = 2177843 | doi = 10.1210/mend-4-4-623 }}
* {{Cita publicación periódica | vauthors = Sone T, Marx SJ, Liberman UA, Pike JW | title = A unique point mutation in the human vitamin D receptor chromosomal gene confers hereditary resistance to 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 | journal = Mol. Endocrinol. | volume = 4 | issue = 4 | pages = 623–31 | year = 1991 | pmid = 2177843 | doi = 10.1210/mend-4-4-623 }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Baker AR, McDonnell DP, Hughes M, Crisp TM, Mangelsdorf DJ, Haussler MR, Pike JW, Shine J, O'Malley BW | title = Cloning and expression of full-length cDNA encoding human vitamin D receptor | journal = Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. | volume = 85 | issue = 10 | pages = 3294–8 | year = 1988 | pmid = 2835767 | pmc = 280195 | doi = 10.1073/pnas.85.10.3294 }}
* {{Cita publicación periódica | vauthors = Baker AR, McDonnell DP, Hughes M, Crisp TM, Mangelsdorf DJ, Haussler MR, Pike JW, Shine J, O'Malley BW | title = Cloning and expression of full-length cDNA encoding human vitamin D receptor | journal = Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. | volume = 85 | issue = 10 | pages = 3294–8 | year = 1988 | pmid = 2835767 | pmc = 280195 | doi = 10.1073/pnas.85.10.3294 }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Hughes MR, Malloy PJ, Kieback DG, Kesterson RA, Pike JW, Feldman D, O'Malley BW | title = Point mutations in the human vitamin D receptor gene associated with hypocalcemic rickets | journal = Science | volume = 242 | issue = 4886 | pages = 1702–5 | year = 1989 | pmid = 2849209 | doi = 10.1126/science.2849209 }}
* {{Cita publicación periódica | vauthors = Hughes MR, Malloy PJ, Kieback DG, Kesterson RA, Pike JW, Feldman D, O'Malley BW | title = Point mutations in the human vitamin D receptor gene associated with hypocalcemic rickets | journal = Science | volume = 242 | issue = 4886 | pages = 1702–5 | year = 1989 | pmid = 2849209 | doi = 10.1126/science.2849209 }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Rut AR, Hewison M, Kristjansson K, Luisi B, Hughes MR, O'Riordan JL | title = Two mutations causing vitamin D resistant rickets: modelling on the basis of steroid hormone receptor DNA-binding domain crystal structures | journal = Clin. Endocrinol. | volume = 41 | issue = 5 | pages = 581–90 | year = 1995 | pmid = 7828346 | doi = 10.1111/j.1365-2265.1994.tb01822.x }}
* {{Cita publicación periódica | vauthors = Rut AR, Hewison M, Kristjansson K, Luisi B, Hughes MR, O'Riordan JL | title = Two mutations causing vitamin D resistant rickets: modelling on the basis of steroid hormone receptor DNA-binding domain crystal structures | journal = Clin. Endocrinol. | volume = 41 | issue = 5 | pages = 581–90 | year = 1995 | pmid = 7828346 | doi = 10.1111/j.1365-2265.1994.tb01822.x }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Malloy PJ, Weisman Y, Feldman D | title = Hereditary 1 alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D-resistant rickets resulting from a mutation in the vitamin D receptor deoxyribonucleic acid-binding domain | journal = J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. | volume = 78 | issue = 2 | pages = 313–6 | year = 1994 | pmid = 8106618 | doi = 10.1210/jc.78.2.313 }}
* {{Cita publicación periódica | vauthors = Malloy PJ, Weisman Y, Feldman D | title = Hereditary 1 alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D-resistant rickets resulting from a mutation in the vitamin D receptor deoxyribonucleic acid-binding domain | journal = J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. | volume = 78 | issue = 2 | pages = 313–6 | year = 1994 | pmid = 8106618 | doi = 10.1210/jc.78.2.313 }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Maruyama K, Sugano S | title = Oligo-capping: a simple method to replace the cap structure of eukaryotic mRNAs with oligoribonucleotides | journal = Gene | volume = 138 | issue = 1–2 | pages = 171–4 | year = 1994 | pmid = 8125298 | doi = 10.1016/0378-1119(94)90802-8 }}
* {{Cita publicación periódica | vauthors = Maruyama K, Sugano S | title = Oligo-capping: a simple method to replace the cap structure of eukaryotic mRNAs with oligoribonucleotides | journal = Gene | volume = 138 | issue = 1–2 | pages = 171–4 | year = 1994 | pmid = 8125298 | doi = 10.1016/0378-1119(94)90802-8 }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Yagi H, Ozono K, Miyake H, Nagashima K, Kuroume T, Pike JW | title = A new point mutation in the deoxyribonucleic acid-binding domain of the vitamin D receptor in a kindred with hereditary 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D-resistant rickets | journal = J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. | volume = 76 | issue = 2 | pages = 509–12 | year = 1993 | pmid = 8381803 | doi = 10.1210/jc.76.2.509 }}
* {{Cita publicación periódica | vauthors = Yagi H, Ozono K, Miyake H, Nagashima K, Kuroume T, Pike JW | title = A new point mutation in the deoxyribonucleic acid-binding domain of the vitamin D receptor in a kindred with hereditary 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D-resistant rickets | journal = J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. | volume = 76 | issue = 2 | pages = 509–12 | year = 1993 | pmid = 8381803 | doi = 10.1210/jc.76.2.509 }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Kristjansson K, Rut AR, Hewison M, O'Riordan JL, Hughes MR | title = Two mutations in the hormone binding domain of the vitamin D receptor cause tissue resistance to 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D3 | journal = J. Clin. Invest. | volume = 92 | issue = 1 | pages = 12–6 | year = 1993 | pmid = 8392085 | pmc = 293517 | doi = 10.1172/JCI116539 }}
* {{Cita publicación periódica | vauthors = Kristjansson K, Rut AR, Hewison M, O'Riordan JL, Hughes MR | title = Two mutations in the hormone binding domain of the vitamin D receptor cause tissue resistance to 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D3 | journal = J. Clin. Invest. | volume = 92 | issue = 1 | pages = 12–6 | year = 1993 | pmid = 8392085 | pmc = 293517 | doi = 10.1172/JCI116539 }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Jurutka PW, Hsieh JC, Nakajima S, Haussler CA, Whitfield GK, Haussler MR | title = Human vitamin D receptor phosphorylation by casein kinase II at Ser-208 potentiates transcriptional activation | journal = Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. | volume = 93 | issue = 8 | pages = 3519–24 | year = 1996 | pmid = 8622969 | pmc = 39642 | doi = 10.1073/pnas.93.8.3519 }}
* {{Cita publicación periódica | vauthors = Jurutka PW, Hsieh JC, Nakajima S, Haussler CA, Whitfield GK, Haussler MR | title = Human vitamin D receptor phosphorylation by casein kinase II at Ser-208 potentiates transcriptional activation | journal = Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. | volume = 93 | issue = 8 | pages = 3519–24 | year = 1996 | pmid = 8622969 | pmc = 39642 | doi = 10.1073/pnas.93.8.3519 }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Lin NU, Malloy PJ, Sakati N, al-Ashwal A, Feldman D | title = A novel mutation in the deoxyribonucleic acid-binding domain of the vitamin D receptor causes hereditary 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D-resistant rickets | journal = J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. | volume = 81 | issue = 7 | pages = 2564–9 | year = 1996 | pmid = 8675579 | doi = 10.1210/jc.81.7.2564 }}
* {{Cita publicación periódica | vauthors = Lin NU, Malloy PJ, Sakati N, al-Ashwal A, Feldman D | title = A novel mutation in the deoxyribonucleic acid-binding domain of the vitamin D receptor causes hereditary 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D-resistant rickets | journal = J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. | volume = 81 | issue = 7 | pages = 2564–9 | year = 1996 | pmid = 8675579 | doi = 10.1210/jc.81.7.2564 }}


=== Ligazóns externas ===
=== Ligazóns externas ===

Revisión como estaba o 24 de xaneiro de 2018 ás 09:30

Identificadores
Símbolo VDR
Símbolos alt. NR1I1, PPP1R163, receptor de vitamina D (1,25- dihidroxivitamina D3), receptor de vitamina D
Entrez 7421
OMIM

601769

RefSeq NP_000367
UniProt P11473
Outros datos
Locus Cr. 12 12q13.11(47.84 – 47.94 Mb)

O receptor da vitamina D (VDR) ou receptor do calcitriol, tamén chamado NR1I1 (receptor nuclear familia 1, grupo I, membro 1), é un membro da familia dos receptores nucleares de factores de transcrición.[1] O calcitriol, é a forma activa da vitamina D, e únese ao VDR, que despois forma un heterodímero co receptor X retinoide. Este despois únese aos elementos de resposta a hormonas do ADN, o que resulta na expresión ou transrepresión de produtos xénicos específicos. O VDR non só regula as respostas transcricionais senón que tamén implica mecanismos postranscricionais dirixidos por microARN.[2] En humanos, o receptor da vitamina D está codificado polo xene VDR situado no cromosoma 12 humano.[3]

Os glicocorticoides diminúen a expresión do VDR, que se expresa na maioría dos tecidos do corpo e regula o transporte intestinal de calcio, ferro e outros minerais.[4]

Función

Este xene codifica o receptor nuclear de hormonas para a vitamina D3 (calcitriol). Este receptor tamén funciona como receptor para o ácido biliar secundario ácido litocólico. O receptor pertence á familia dos factores reguladores transcricionais que actúan en trans e mostran unha similitude de secuencia cos receptores de hormonas tiroides e esteroides.[5]

As dianas augas abaixo da ruta deste receptor nuclear de hormonas están implicadas principalmente no metabolismo mineral aínda que o receptor regula unha variedade doutras vías metabólicas, como as implicadas na resposta inmunitaria e o cancro.[6]

As mutacións neste xene están asociadas co raquitismo resistente a vitamina D tipo II. Un polimorfismo dun só nucleótido no codón de iniciación ten como resultado un sitio alternativo de inicio da tradución situado tres codóns augas abaixo. O empalme alternativo dá lugar a múltiples variantes de empalme ou splicing que codifican a mesma proteína.[7]

O receptor da vitamina D xoga un importante papel na regulación do ciclo do pelo. A perda do VDR está asociada coa perda de pelo en animais experimentais.[8] Os estudos experimentais mostraron que o VDR non unido a ligando interacciona con rexións reguladoras en cWnt (vía de sinalización wnt) e xenes diana da proteína sonic hedgehog (ourizo sónico) e é necesario para a indución destas vías durante o ciclo do pelo posnatal.[9] Estes estudos revelaron novas accións do VDR non unido a ligando na regulación do ciclo do pelo posmorfoxénico.

Interaccións

O receptor do calcitriol presenta interaccións con:

Notas

  1. ↑ Moore DD, Kato S, Xie W, Mangelsdorf DJ, Schmidt DR, Xiao R, Kliewer SA (December 2006). "International Union of Pharmacology. LXII. The NR1H and NR1I receptors: constitutive androstane receptor, pregnene X receptor, farnesoid X receptor alpha, farnesoid X receptor beta, liver X receptor alpha, liver X receptor beta, and vitamin D receptor". Pharmacol. Rev. 58 (4): 742–59. PMID 17132852. doi:10.1124/pr.58.4.6. 
  2. ↑ Lisse TS, Chun RF, Rieger S, Adams JS, Hewison M (June 2013). "Vitamin D activation of functionally distinct regulatory miRNAs in primary human osteoblasts". J Bone Miner Res. 28 (6): 1478–14788. PMID 23362149. doi:10.1002/jbmr.1882. 
  3. ↑ Szpirer J, Szpirer C, Riviere M, Levan G, Marynen P, Cassiman JJ, Wiese R, DeLuca HF (September 1991). "The Sp1 transcription factor gene (SP1) and the 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 receptor gene (VDR) are colocalized on human chromosome arm 12q and rat chromosome 7". Genomics 11 (1): 168–73. PMID 1662663. doi:10.1016/0888-7543(91)90114-T. 
  4. ↑ Fleet JC, Schoch RD (August 2010). "Molecular Mechanisms for Regulation of Intestinal Calcium Absorption by Vitamin D and Other Factors". Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci 47 (4): 181–195. PMC 3235806. PMID 21182397. doi:10.3109/10408363.2010.536429. 
  5. ↑ Germain P, Staels B, Dacquet C, Spedding M, Laudet V (December 2006). "Overview of nomenclature of nuclear receptors". Pharmacol. Rev. 58 (4): 685–704. PMID 17132848. doi:10.1124/pr.58.4.2. 
  6. ↑ Adorini L, Daniel KC, Penna G (2006). "Vitamin D receptor agonists, cancer and the immune system: an intricate relationship". Curr Top Med Chem 6 (12): 1297–301. PMID 16848743. doi:10.2174/156802606777864890. 
  7. ↑ "Entrez Gene: VDR vitamin D (1,25- dihydroxyvitamin D3) receptor". 
  8. ↑ Luderer HF, Demay MB (July 2010). "The vitamin D receptor, the skin and stem cells". J. Steroid Biochem. Mol. Biol. 121 (1–2): 314–6. PMID 20138991. doi:10.1016/j.jsbmb.2010.01.015. 
  9. ↑ Lisse TS, Saini V, Zhao H, Luderer HF, Gori F, Demay MB (September 2014). "The Vitamin D Receptor Is Required for Activation of cWnt and Hedgehog Signaling in Keratinocytes". Mol. Endocrinol. 28 (10): 1698–1706. PMC 4179637. PMID 25180455. doi:10.1210/me.2014-1043. 
  10. ↑ Guzey M, Takayama S, Reed JC (December 2000). "BAG1L enhances trans-activation function of the vitamin D receptor". J. Biol. Chem. 275 (52): 40749–56. PMID 10967105. doi:10.1074/jbc.M004977200. 
  11. ↑ 11,0 11,1 11,2 11,3 11,4 Kitagawa H, Fujiki R, Yoshimura K, Mezaki Y, Uematsu Y, Matsui D, Ogawa S, Unno K, Okubo M, Tokita A, Nakagawa T, Ito T, Ishimi Y, Nagasawa H, Matsumoto T, Yanagisawa J, Kato S (June 2003). "The chromatin-remodeling complex WINAC targets a nuclear receptor to promoters and is impaired in Williams syndrome". Cell 113 (7): 905–17. PMID 12837248. doi:10.1016/S0092-8674(03)00436-7. 
  12. ↑ Zhao G, Simpson RU (2010). "Membrane Localization, Caveolin-3 Association and Rapid Actions of Vitamin D Receptor in Cardiac Myocytes". Steroids 75 (8–9): 555–9. PMC 2885558. PMID 20015453. doi:10.1016/j.steroids.2009.12.001. 
  13. ↑ 13,0 13,1 13,2 Ito M, Yuan CX, Malik S, Gu W, Fondell JD, Yamamura S, Fu ZY, Zhang X, Qin J, Roeder RG (March 1999). "Identity between TRAP and SMCC complexes indicates novel pathways for the function of nuclear receptors and diverse mammalian activators". Mol. Cell 3 (3): 361–70. PMID 10198638. doi:10.1016/S1097-2765(00)80463-3. 
  14. ↑ 14,0 14,1 Tagami T, Lutz WH, Kumar R, Jameson JL (December 1998). "The interaction of the vitamin D receptor with nuclear receptor corepressors and coactivators". Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 253 (2): 358–63. PMID 9878542. doi:10.1006/bbrc.1998.9799. 
  15. ↑ 15,0 15,1 15,2 15,3 Puccetti E, Obradovic D, Beissert T, Bianchini A, Washburn B, Chiaradonna F, Boehrer S, Hoelzer D, Ottmann OG, Pelicci PG, Nervi C, Ruthardt M (December 2002). "AML-associated translocation products block vitamin D(3)-induced differentiation by sequestering the vitamin D(3) receptor". Cancer Res. 62 (23): 7050–8. PMID 12460926. 
  16. ↑ Herdick M, Steinmeyer A, Carlberg C (June 2000). "Antagonistic action of a 25-carboxylic ester analogue of 1alpha, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 is mediated by a lack of ligand-induced vitamin D receptor interaction with coactivators". J. Biol. Chem. 275 (22): 16506–12. PMID 10748178. doi:10.1074/jbc.M910000199. 
  17. ↑ 17,0 17,1 17,2 Zhang C, Baudino TA, Dowd DR, Tokumaru H, Wang W, MacDonald PN (November 2001). "Ternary complexes and cooperative interplay between NCoA-62/Ski-interacting protein and steroid receptor coactivators in vitamin D receptor-mediated transcription". J. Biol. Chem. 276 (44): 40614–20. PMID 11514567. doi:10.1074/jbc.M106263200. 
  18. ↑ He B, Wilson EM (March 2003). "Electrostatic Modulation in Steroid Receptor Recruitment of LXXLL and FXXLF Motifs". Mol. Cell. Biol. 23 (6): 2135–50. PMC 149467. PMID 12612084. doi:10.1128/MCB.23.6.2135-2150.2003. 
  19. ↑ 19,0 19,1 Baudino TA, Kraichely DM, Jefcoat SC, Winchester SK, Partridge NC, MacDonald PN (June 1998). "Isolation and characterization of a novel coactivator protein, NCoA-62, involved in vitamin D-mediated transcription". J. Biol. Chem. 273 (26): 16434–41. PMID 9632709. doi:10.1074/jbc.273.26.16434. 
  20. ↑ Vidal M, Ramana CV, Dusso AS (April 2002). "Stat1-Vitamin D Receptor Interactions Antagonize 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D Transcriptional Activity and Enhance Stat1-Mediated Transcription". Mol. Cell. Biol. 22 (8): 2777–87. PMC 133712. PMID 11909970. doi:10.1128/MCB.22.8.2777-2787.2002. 
  21. ↑ Ward JO, McConnell MJ, Carlile GW, Pandolfi PP, Licht JD, Freedman LP (December 2001). "The acute promyelocytic leukemia-associated protein, promyelocytic leukemia zinc finger, regulates 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3)-induced monocytic differentiation of U937 cells through a physical interaction with vitamin D(3) receptor". Blood 98 (12): 3290–300. PMID 11719366. doi:10.1182/blood.V98.12.3290. 

Véxase tamén

Bibliografía

Ligazóns externas

Este artigo incorpora textos en dominio público da United States National Library of Medicine.

Traído desde «https://gl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Receptor_da_vitamina_D&oldid=4625812»