Hemolina

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A hemolina é unha proteína similar a unha inmunoglobulina que se encontra exclusivamente en lepidópteros (avelaíñas e bolboretas). Descubriuse en pupas co sistema inmunitario estimulado das especies Hyalophora cecropia[1] e Manduca sexta.[2]

A hemolina ten unha estrutura cristalina con forma de ferradura[3] con catro dominios e lembra a proteína do desenvolvemento neurogliana.

A hemolina de Hyalophora cecropia superposta á proteína neurogliana. As diferenzas preditas entre as proteínas foron salientadas en vermello. Feita no Swiss Protein Database Viewer.

A hemolina multiplícase por 18 ata os 7 mg/mL despois da inxección de bacterias en H. cecropia. A indución da hemolina en avelaíñas despois da inxección bacteriana detectouse en varias especies como Antheraea pernyi,[4] Bombyx mori, Helicoverpa zea,[5] Heliothis virescens,[5] Hyphantria cunea,[6] e Samia cynthia.[7]

Suxeriuse que a hemolina participa na resposta inmune a infeccións por virus[8] e únese ás partículas víricas.[9] Exprésase en resposta á presenza de ARN bicatenario (dsRNA) de modo dependente da dose.[10] Galleria melonella responde á captación de cafeína polo incremento da expresión da proteína hemolina.[11]

O xene da hemolina pénsase que é o resultado da duplicación xénica do xene da proteína do desenvolvemento neurogliana,[12] pero perdeu dous dos dominios proteicos que contén a neurogliana. Na súa función potencial como proteína do desenvolvemento, a hemolina increméntase preto do tempo da pupación en Manduca sexta,[13] e é inducida durante a diapausa e pola 20-hidroxiecdisona en Lymantria dispar.[14] A interferencia de ARN (RNAi) da hemolina causa malformacións en H. cecropia.[15]

Notas[editar | editar a fonte]

  1. ↑ Faye, I; Pye, A; Rasmuson, T; Boman, HG; Boman, IA (December 1975). "Insect immunity. 11. Simultaneous induction of antibacterial activity and selection synthesis of some hemolymph proteins in diapausing pupae of Hyalophora cecropia and Samia cynthia.". Infection and Immunity 12 (6): 1426–38. PMC 415452. PMID 812827. 
  2. ↑ Ladendorff, NE; Kanost, MR (1991). "Bacteria-induced protein P4 (hemolin) from Manduca sexta: a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily which can inhibit hemocyte aggregation.". Archives of insect biochemistry and physiology 18 (4): 285–300. PMID 1790333. doi:10.1002/arch.940180410. 
  3. ↑ Su, XD; Gastinel, LN; Vaughn, DE; Faye, I; Poon, P; Bjorkman, PJ (Aug 14, 1998). "Crystal structure of hemolin: a horseshoe shape with implications for homophilic adhesion.". Science 281 (5379): 991–5. PMID 9703515. doi:10.1126/science.281.5379.991. 
  4. ↑ Li, W; Terenius, O; Hirai, M; Nilsson, AS; Faye, I (2005). "Cloning, expression and phylogenetic analysis of Hemolin, from the Chinese oak silkmoth, Antheraea pernyi.". Developmental and Comparative Immunology 29 (10): 853–64. PMID 15978282. doi:10.1016/j.dci.2005.02.003. 
  5. ↑ 5,0 5,1 Terenius, O; Popham, HJ; Shelby, KS (November 2009). "Bacterial, but not baculoviral infections stimulate Hemolin expression in noctuid moths.". Developmental and Comparative Immunology 33 (11): 1176–85. PMID 19540262. doi:10.1016/j.dci.2009.06.009. 
  6. ↑ Shin, SW; Park, SS; Park, DS; Kim, MG; Kim, SC; Brey, PT; Park, HY (November 1998). "Isolation and characterization of immune-related genes from the fall webworm, Hyphantria cunea, using PCR-based differential display and subtractive cloning.". Insect biochemistry and molecular biology 28 (11): 827–37. PMID 9818384. doi:10.1016/s0965-1748(98)00077-0. 
  7. ↑ Bao, Y; Yamano, Y; Morishima, I (January 2007). "Induction of hemolin gene expression by bacterial cell wall components in eri-silkworm, Samia cynthia ricini.". Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology B 146 (1): 147–51. PMID 17126583. doi:10.1016/j.cbpb.2006.10.092. 
  8. ↑ Terenius, O (2008). "Hemolin-A lepidopteran anti-viral defense factor?". Developmental and Comparative Immunology 32 (4): 311–6. PMID 17981330. doi:10.1016/j.dci.2007.09.006. 
  9. ↑ Labropoulou, V; Douris, V; Stefanou, D; Magrioti, C; Swevers, L; Iatrou, K (October 2008). "Endoparasitoid wasp bracovirus-mediated inhibition of hemolin function and lepidopteran host immunosuppression.". Cellular microbiology 10 (10): 2118–28. PMID 18627380. doi:10.1111/j.1462-5822.2008.01195.x. 
  10. ↑ Hirai, M; Terenius, O; Li, W; Faye, I (August 2004). "Baculovirus and dsRNA induce Hemolin, but no antibacterial activity, in Antheraea pernyi.". Insect molecular biology 13 (4): 399–405. PMID 15271212. doi:10.1111/j.0962-1075.2004.00497.x. 
  11. ↑ Maguire, Ronan; Kunc, Martin; Hyrsl, Pavel; Kavanagh, Kevin. "Caffeine administration alters the behaviour and development of Galleria mellonella larvae". Neurotoxicology and Teratology. doi:10.1016/j.ntt.2017.10.002. 
  12. ↑ Hughes, AL (March 1998). "Protein phylogenies provide evidence of a radical discontinuity between arthropod and vertebrate immune systems.". Immunogenetics 47 (4): 283–96. PMID 9472064. doi:10.1007/s002510050360. 
  13. ↑ Yu, XQ; Kanost, MR (Nov 1999). "Developmental expression of Manduca sexta hemolin.". Archives of insect biochemistry and physiology 42 (3): 198–212. PMID 10536048. doi:10.1002/(sici)1520-6327(199911)42:3<198::aid-arch4>3.0.co;2-g. 
  14. ↑ Lee, KY; Horodyski, FM; Valaitis, AP; Denlinger, DL (November 2002). "Molecular characterization of the insect immune protein hemolin and its high induction during embryonic diapause in the gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar.". Insect biochemistry and molecular biology 32 (11): 1457–67. PMID 12530213. doi:10.1016/s0965-1748(02)00066-8. 
  15. ↑ Bettencourt, R.; Terenius, O.; Faye, I. (June 2002). "Hemolin gene silencing by ds-RNA injected into Cecropia pupae is lethal to next generation embryos". Insect Molecular Biology 11 (3): 267–271. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2583.2002.00334.x. 
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