O piaroa e o wirö (ou "maco") forma a rama piaroa da familia. A extinta lingua ature, outrora falada no río Orinoco preto das fervenzas de Atures, Venezuela, está relacionada coa lingua saliba, e xuntas poderían ter formado a rama salibana da familia.[2][3]
↑Zamponi, Raoul (2017). Betoi-Jirara, Sáliban, and Hodɨ: Relationships among Three Linguistic Lineages of the Mid-Orinoco Region. Anthropological Linguistics, Volume 59, Number 3, Fall 2017, pp. 263-321.
Benaissa, T. (1991). Vocabulario Sáliba-Español Español Sáliba. Lomalinda: Alberto Lleras Camargo.
Feddema, H. (1991). Diccionario Piaroa - Español. (manuscrito).
Krute, L. D. (1989). Piaroa nominal morphosemantics. Nova York: Columbia University. (Doctoral dissertation).
Kaufman, Terrence. (1990). Language history in South America: What we know and how to know more. In D. L. Payne (Ed.), Amazonian linguistics: Studies in lowland South American languages (pp.13–67). Austin: University of Texas Press. ISBN0-292-70414-3.
Kaufman, Terrence. (1994). The native languages of South America. In C. Mosley & R. E. Asher (Eds.), Atlas of the world's languages (pp.46–76). Londres: Routledge.