Usuario:Brathxa/Ariane 6
Vehicle description[editar | editar a fonte]
Development history[editar | editar a fonte]
Ariane 6 PPH[editar | editar a fonte]
Following detailed definition studies in 2012,[1] the ESA announced the selection of the "PPH" configuration for Ariane 6 in July 2013. This design would be composed of three P135 solid rocket motors as a first stage, a single P135 motor as a second stage, and a third stage powered by the Vinci cryogenic engine burning LH2 and LOX. It would be capable of launching up to 6,500 kg (14,300 lb) to GTO,[2] with a first flight projected to be as early as 2021–22.[3] Development was projected to cost €4 billion as of May 2013[update].[4] A 2014 study concluded that development cost could be reduced to about 3 billion Euros by limiting contractors to five countries.[5]
While the Ariane 5 typically launches one large and one medium satellite at a time, the PPH proposal for Ariane 6 was intended for single payloads, with an early-2014 price estimate of approximately US$95 million per launch.[6] The SpaceX Falcon 9 and the Chinese Long March 3B both launch smaller payloads but at lower prices, approximately US$57 million and US$72 million respectively as of early 2014, with the Falcon 9 launch of a midsize satellite competitive with the cost of the lower slot of a dual payload Ariane 5.[6] For lightweight all-electric satellites, Arianespace intended to use the restartable Vinci engine to deliver the satellites closer to their operational orbit than the Falcon 9, significantly reducing the time required (several months for an all-electric satellite from a standard GTO) to transfer to geostationary orbit.[6]
References[editar | editar a fonte]
- ↑ Stephen Clark (21 November 2012). "European ministers decide to stick with Ariane 5, for now". Spaceflight Now. Consultado o 22 November 2012.
- ↑ Feldman, Mia (11 Jul 2013). "European Space Agency Reveals New Rocket Design". Consultado o March 2015.
- ↑ "Europe okays design for next-generation rocket". PhysOrg. 9 July 2013. Consultado o 9 July 2013.
- ↑ de Selding, Peter B. (2013-05-24). "With Ariane 6 Launch Site Selected, CNES Aims To Freeze Design of the New Rocket in July". Space News. Consultado o 2013-05-25.
Ariane 6 would fly in 2020 assuming a development go-ahead in 2014. CNES’s Ariane 6 team is operating under the “triple-seven” mantra, meaning seven years’ development, 7 metric tons of satellite payload to geostationary transfer orbit and 70 million euros in launch costs. CNES estimates that Ariane 6 would cost 4 billion euros to develop, including ESA’s customary program management fees and a 20 percent margin that ESA embeds in most of its programs.
- ↑ Peter B. De Selding (18 March 2014). "Questions Swirl around Future of Europe's Ariane Launcher Program". SpaceNews. Consultado o 23 March 2014.
- ↑ 6,0 6,1 6,2 Svitak, Amy (2014-03-10). "SpaceX Says Falcon 9 To Compete For EELV This Year". Aviation Week. Consultado o 2014-03-11.
As SpaceX and other launch contenders enter the sector—including new rockets in India, China and Russia—Europe is also investing in a midlife upgrade of the Ariane 5, the Ariane 5 ME, which aims to boost performance 20% with no corresponding increase in cost. At the same time, Europe is considering funding a smaller, less capable but more affordable successor to the heavy-lift launcher, the Ariane 6, which would send up to 6,500 kg (14,330 lb.) to GTO for around $95 million per launch.
[[Categoría:Ariane]]