Nacionalismo estadounidense

O nacionalismo estadounidense é unha forma de nacionalismo cívico, cultural, económico ou étnico^[1] presente nos Estados Unidos de América.^[2] En esencia, o nacionalismo estadounidense sinala os aspectos que caracterizan e distinguen aos Estados Unidos como unha comunidade política autónoma. O termo a miúdo serve para explicar os esforzos por asentar a súa identidade nacional e a súa autodeterminación dentro dos seus asuntos nacionais e internacionais.^[3]

As catro formas de nacionalismo atoparon expresión ao longo da historia dos Estados Unidos, dependendo do período histórico. Estudosos estadounidenses como Hans Kohn afirman que o goberno dos Estados Unidos institucionalizou un nacionalismo cívico fundado en conceptos legais e racionais da cidadanía, baseándose nunha lingua común e tradicións culturais.^[2] Os Pais fundadores dos Estados Unidos estabeleceron o país sobre os principios liberais e individualistas clásicos.

Notas[editar | editar a fonte]

↑
- Barbour, Christine; Wright, Gerald C. (15 de xaneiro de 2013). Keeping the Republic: Power and Citizenship in American Politics, 6th Edition The Essentials. CQ Press. pp. 31–33. ISBN 978-1-4522-4003-9. Consultado o 6 de xaneiro de 2015. Who Is An American? Native-born and naturalized citizens
- Shklar, Judith N. (1991). American Citizenship: The Quest for Inclusion. The Tanner Lectures on Human Values. Harvard University Press. pp. 3–4. ISBN 9780674022164. Consultado o 17 de decembro de 2012.
- Slotkin, Richard (2001). "Unit Pride: Ethnic Platoons and the Myths of American Nationality". American Literary History 13 (3): 469–498. doi:10.1093/alh/13.3.469. Consultado o 17 de decembro de 2012. But it also expresses a myth of American nationality that remains vital in our political and cultural life: the idealized self-image of a multiethnic, multiracial democracy, hospitable to differences but united by a common sense of national belonging.
- Eder, Klaus; Giesen, Bernhard (2001). European Citizenship: Between National Legacies and Postnational Projects. Oxford University Press. pp. 25–26. ISBN 9780199241200. Consultado o 1 de febreiro de 2013. In inter-state relations, the American nation state presents its members as a monistic political body-despite ethnic and national groups in the interior.
- Petersen, William; Novak, Michael; Gleason, Philip (1982). Concepts of Ethnicity. Harvard University Press. p. 62. ISBN 9780674157262. Consultado o 1 de febreiro de 2013. To be or to become an American, a person did not have to be of any particular national, linguistic, religious, or ethnic background. All he had to do was to commit himself to the political ideology centered on the abstract ideals of liberty, equality, and republicanism. Thus the universalist ideological character of American nationality meant that it was open to anyone who willed to become an American.
- Hirschman, Charles; Kasinitz, Philip; Dewind, Josh (4 de novembro de 1999). The Handbook of International Migration: The American Experience. Russell Sage Foundation. p. 300. ISBN 978-1-61044-289-3.
- Halle, David (15 de xullo de 1987). America's Working Man: Work, Home, and Politics Among Blue Collar Property Owners. University of Chicago Press. p. 233. ISBN 978-0-226-31366-5. The first, and central, way involves the view that Americans are all those persons born within the boundaries of the United States or admitted to citizenship by the government.
↑ ^2,0 ^2,1 Motyl 2001, p. 16.
↑ Miscevic, Nenad (31 de marzo de 2018). Zalta, Edward N., ed. The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University. Consultado o 31 de marzo de 2018 – vía Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy.

Véxase tamén[editar | editar a fonte]

Bibliografía[editar | editar a fonte]

Arieli, Yehoshua (1964) Individualism and Nationalism in American Ideology. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press.
Birkin, Carol (2017) A Sovereign People: The Crises of the 1790s and the Birth of American Nationalism. Basic Books, ISBN 978-0-465-06088-7.
Faust, Drew G. (1988) The Creation of Confederate Nationalism: Ideology and Identity in the Civil War South. Baton Rouge, Louisiana: Louisiana State University Press.
Kramer, Lloyd S. (2011) Nationalism in Europe and America: Politics, Cultures, and Identities Since 1775. Chapel Hill, North Carolina: University of North Carolina Press. ISBN 9780807872000
Lawson, Melinda (2002) Patriot Fires: Forging a New American Nationalism in the Civil War North. Lawrence, Kansas: University Press of Kansas.
Li, Qiong, e Marilynn Brewer (2004) "What Does It Mean to Be an American? Patriotism, Nationalism, and American Identity After September 11." Political Psychology. v.25 n.5 pp. 727–39.
Motyl, Alexander J. (2001). Encyclopedia of Nationalism, Volume II. Academic Press. ISBN 978-0-12-227230-1.
Maguire, Susan E. (2016) "Brother Jonathan and John Bull build a nation: the transactional nature of American nationalism in the early nineteenth century." National Identities v.18 n.2 pp. 179–98.
Mitchell, Lincoln A. (2016) The Democracy Promotion Paradox. Washington, D.C.: Brookings Institution. ISBN 9780815727026
Quigley, Paul (2012) Shifting Grounds: Nationalism and the American South, 1848-1865. Nova York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780199735488
Schildkraut, Deborah J. 2014. "Boundaries of American Identity: Evolving Understandings of “Us”." Annual Review of Political Science
Staff (13 de decembro de 2016) "How similar is America in 2016 to Germany in 1933". Boston Public Radio
Staff (20 de decembro de 2005). "French anti-Americanism: Spot the difference". The Economist.
Trautsch, Jasper M. (setembro de 2016) "The origins and nature of American nationalism," National Identities v.18 n.3 pp. 289–312.
Trautsch, Jasper M. (2018) The Genesis of America; U.S. Foreign Policy and the Formation of National Identity, 1793 - 1815. Cambridge
Waldstreicher, David (1997) In the Midst of Perpetual Fetes: The Making of American Nationalism, 1776–1820. Chapel Hill, North Carolina: University of North Carolina Press
Zelinsky, Wilbur (1988) Nation into State: The Shifting Symbolic Foundations of American Nationalism. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press.

[Citizen-1] 
Barbour, Christine; Wright, Gerald C. (15 de xaneiro de 2013). Keeping the Republic: Power and Citizenship in American Politics, 6th Edition The Essentials. CQ Press. pp. 31–33. ISBN 978-1-4522-4003-9. Consultado o 6 de xaneiro de 2015. Who Is An American? Native-born and naturalized citizens

Shklar, Judith N. (1991). American Citizenship: The Quest for Inclusion. The Tanner Lectures on Human Values. Harvard University Press. pp. 3–4. ISBN 9780674022164. Consultado o 17 de decembro de 2012.

Slotkin, Richard (2001). "Unit Pride: Ethnic Platoons and the Myths of American Nationality". American Literary History 13 (3): 469–498. doi:10.1093/alh/13.3.469. Consultado o 17 de decembro de 2012. But it also expresses a myth of American nationality that remains vital in our political and cultural life: the idealized self-image of a multiethnic, multiracial democracy, hospitable to differences but united by a common sense of national belonging.

Eder, Klaus; Giesen, Bernhard (2001). European Citizenship: Between National Legacies and Postnational Projects. Oxford University Press. pp. 25–26. ISBN 9780199241200. Consultado o 1 de febreiro de 2013. In inter-state relations, the American nation state presents its members as a monistic political body-despite ethnic and national groups in the interior.

Petersen, William; Novak, Michael; Gleason, Philip (1982). Concepts of Ethnicity. Harvard University Press. p. 62. ISBN 9780674157262. Consultado o 1 de febreiro de 2013. To be or to become an American, a person did not have to be of any particular national, linguistic, religious, or ethnic background. All he had to do was to commit himself to the political ideology centered on the abstract ideals of liberty, equality, and republicanism. Thus the universalist ideological character of American nationality meant that it was open to anyone who willed to become an American.

Hirschman, Charles; Kasinitz, Philip; Dewind, Josh (4 de novembro de 1999). The Handbook of International Migration: The American Experience. Russell Sage Foundation. p. 300. ISBN 978-1-61044-289-3.

Halle, David (15 de xullo de 1987). America's Working Man: Work, Home, and Politics Among Blue Collar Property Owners. University of Chicago Press. p. 233. ISBN 978-0-226-31366-5. The first, and central, way involves the view that Americans are all those persons born within the boundaries of the United States or admitted to citizenship by the government.

[2] Barbour, Christine; Wright, Gerald C. (15 de xaneiro de 2013). Keeping the Republic: Power and Citizenship in American Politics, 6th Edition The Essentials. CQ Press. pp. 31–33. ISBN 978-1-4522-4003-9. Consultado o 6 de xaneiro de 2015. Who Is An American? Native-born and naturalized citizens

[3] Shklar, Judith N. (1991). American Citizenship: The Quest for Inclusion. The Tanner Lectures on Human Values. Harvard University Press. pp. 3–4. ISBN 9780674022164. Consultado o 17 de decembro de 2012.

[4] Slotkin, Richard (2001). "Unit Pride: Ethnic Platoons and the Myths of American Nationality". American Literary History 13 (3): 469–498. doi:10.1093/alh/13.3.469. Consultado o 17 de decembro de 2012. But it also expresses a myth of American nationality that remains vital in our political and cultural life: the idealized self-image of a multiethnic, multiracial democracy, hospitable to differences but united by a common sense of national belonging.

[5] Eder, Klaus; Giesen, Bernhard (2001). European Citizenship: Between National Legacies and Postnational Projects. Oxford University Press. pp. 25–26. ISBN 9780199241200. Consultado o 1 de febreiro de 2013. In inter-state relations, the American nation state presents its members as a monistic political body-despite ethnic and national groups in the interior.

[6] Petersen, William; Novak, Michael; Gleason, Philip (1982). Concepts of Ethnicity. Harvard University Press. p. 62. ISBN 9780674157262. Consultado o 1 de febreiro de 2013. To be or to become an American, a person did not have to be of any particular national, linguistic, religious, or ethnic background. All he had to do was to commit himself to the political ideology centered on the abstract ideals of liberty, equality, and republicanism. Thus the universalist ideological character of American nationality meant that it was open to anyone who willed to become an American.

[7] Hirschman, Charles; Kasinitz, Philip; Dewind, Josh (4 de novembro de 1999). The Handbook of International Migration: The American Experience. Russell Sage Foundation. p. 300. ISBN 978-1-61044-289-3.

[8] Halle, David (15 de xullo de 1987). America's Working Man: Work, Home, and Politics Among Blue Collar Property Owners. University of Chicago Press. p. 233. ISBN 978-0-226-31366-5. The first, and central, way involves the view that Americans are all those persons born within the boundaries of the United States or admitted to citizenship by the government.

[FOOTNOTEMotyl200116-2] 2,0 ^2,1 Motyl 2001, p. 16.

[3] Miscevic, Nenad (31 de marzo de 2018). Zalta, Edward N., ed. The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University. Consultado o 31 de marzo de 2018 – vía Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy.

[1]

[2]

[3]

v c e Nacionalismo étnico
Nacionalismos	Acerbaixano Acholi Afrikaans Albanés Alemán en Austria Andaluz Árabe Aragonés Armenio Arxentino Asirio Asturiano Austríaco Baluchi Bavarés Belaruso Bengalí Bérber Birmano Bodo Bosníaco Bretón Cabilo Canadense Canario Cantonés Castelán Catalán Checo Chicano Cingalés Circasiano Copto Coreano Córnico Corso Croata Escocés Eslovaco Esloveno Español Estoniano Exipcio Filipino Finés Flamengo Francés Frisón Galego Galés Grego en Chipre Han Hazara Húngaro Islandés Ibo Indio Inglés Iraniano Iraquí Irlandés Italiano Khmer Kurdo Lezguio Libanés Lombardo Macedonio Manchú Mapuche Moldovo Montenegrino Naga Noruegués Occitano Ogoni Padano Palestino Paxto Polaco Punjabi Quebequés Romanés Ruso Saharauí Sardo Serbio Siciliano Sindhi Somalí Támil Tripuri Turco en Chipre Ucraíno Ulster Uigur Valenciano Vasco Véneto Vietnamita Xaponés Xeorxiano Xudeu Zazaki
Pannacionalismos	Africano Alxeriano Arabismo Asianismo Australiano Bangladeshí Catalán Chinés Celtismo Escandinavismo Eslavismo Estadounidense Europeo Hispanismo Iberismo Iranismo Libio Mongolismo Nativo americano Nixeriano Oceanismo Paquistaní Tunisiano Turanismo Turquismo Xermanismo
Movementos	Movemento Aceh Libre Independentismo alsaciano Independentismo assamés Independentismo asirio Independentismo catalán Independentismo cham Independentismo escocés Independentismo feroés Movemento flamengo Independentismo galego Independentismo galés Independentismo groenlandés Movemento pola soberanía hawaiana Movemento maorí Independentismo de Mongolia Interior Movemento Papúa Libre Independentismo ryukyu Independentismo taiwanés Independentismo tibetano Independentismo de Turquestán Oriental Movemento valón
Conceptos	Arakan Asiria Azawad Balawaristán Baluchistán Bangsamoro Cameria Carelia Champa República Chechena de Ichkeria Circasia Crimea Estado de Hatay Hazarajat Danzig Donetsk Epiro do Norte Herzeg-Bosnia Ilirida Karakalpaquistán Katarismo Ketuanan Melayu Kurdistán Lezguistán Luhansk Manchukuo Osetia Pashtunistán República Srpska Santa Cruz Sápmi Saraikistán Silesia Sindhudesh País Sículo Tamil Eelam Tíbet Turquestán Oriental
Outros	Racial Branco Coreano Indixenismo Negro Sionismo
Nota: As formas de nacionalismo baseado principalmente no grupo étnico están recollidos enriba. Isto non implica que tódolos nacionalistas do grupo étnico subscriban esa forma de nacionalismo étnico.