Ficheiro:Myrna Loy (1941).jpg

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Ficheiro orixinal(731 × 1.024 píxeles; tamaño do ficheiro: 115 kB; tipo MIME: image/jpeg)

Resumo

Descrición

Publicity photograph of Myrna Loy.

  • Photograph appears in Loy's autobiography, Being and Becoming, in the section of photos following page 84
Data
Orixe http://sites.google.com/site/ilmiocinema/Home/le-star/myrna-loy/le-immagini-di-myrna-loy
Autoría Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer; Eric Carpenter (1909-1976)
Licenza
(Reuso deste ficheiro)

This is a publicity photo taken to promote a film actor. As stated by film production expert Eve Light Honthaner in The Complete Film Production Handbook, (Focal Press, 2001 p. 211.):

"Publicity photos (star headshots) have traditionally not been copyrighted. Since they are disseminated to the public, they are generally considered public domain, and therefore clearance by the studio that produced them is not necessary."

Nancy Wolff, includes a similar explanation:

"There is a vast body of photographs, including but not limited to publicity stills, that have no notice as to who may have created them." (The Professional Photographer's Legal Handbook By Nancy E. Wolff, Allworth Communications, 2007, p. 55.)

Film industry author Gerald Mast, in Film Study and the Copyright Law (1989) p. 87, writes:

"According to the old copyright act, such production stills were not automatically copyrighted as part of the film and required separate copyrights as photographic stills. The new copyright act similarly excludes the production still from automatic copyright but gives the film's copyright owner a five-year period in which to copyright the stills. Most studios have never bothered to copyright these stills because they were happy to see them pass into the public domain, to be used by as many people in as many publications as possible."
Kristin Thompson, committee chairperson of the for Cinema and Media Studies writes in the conclusion of a 1993 conference with cinema scholars and editors, that they "expressed the opinion that it is not necessary for authors to request permission to reproduce frame enlargements. . . [and] some trade presses that publish educational and scholarly film books also take the position that permission is not necessary for reproducing frame enlargements and publicity photographs."[1]

Licenza

Public domain
Esta obra está no dominio público xa que foi publicada nos Estados Unidos de América entre 1929 e 1963, e aínda que puidese ter ou non un aviso de dereitos de autoría, os dereitos non se renovaron. Agás que o autor leve falecido o período de tempo requirido, mantén os dereitos de autoría naqueles países que non aplican a regra do período máis curto para obras nos Estados Unidos, como o Canadá (70 pma), China continental (50 pma, non Hong Kong ou Macao), Alemaña (70 pma), México (100 pma), Suíza (70 pma), e outros países con tratados individuais. Vexa Commons:Hirtle chart para máis explicacións.

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actual17 de novembro de 2011 ás 18:42Miniatura da versión ás 18:42 do 17 de novembro de 2011731 × 1.024 (115 kB)Loeba== {{int:filedesc}} == {{Information |Description=Publicity photograph of Myrna Loy. |Source=http://sites.google.com/site/ilmiocinema/Home/le-star/myrna-loy/le-immagini-di-myrna-loy |Date=Unknown |Author=[[:en:Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer|Metro-G

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