Lista de linguas por número de falantes: Diferenzas entre revisións
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== Gráficos== |
== Gráficos== |
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Ficheiro:List of languages by number of native speakers.png| |
Ficheiro:List of languages by number of native speakers.png|Gráfico de burbullas coas linguas representadas en función dos seus falantes nativos.<ref name="Nationalencyklopedin">Mikael Parkvall, "Världens 100 största språk 2007" (The World's 100 Largest Languages in 2007), in ''[[Nationalencyklopedin]]''. Asterisks mark the [http://www.ne.se/spr%C3%A5k/v%C3%A4rldens-100-st%C3%B6rsta-spr%C3%A5k-2010 2010 estimates] for the top dozen languages.</ref></gallery> |
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== Notas == |
== Notas == |
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Este artigo recolle as principais linguas humanas por número de falantes nativos.
However, all such rankings should be used with caution.[1] It is difficult to define the difference between a language and a dialect, or between a language and a macrolanguage; for example, Chinese is sometimes considered a single language and sometimes a macrolanguage whose many varieties are all independent languages. Any division of speakers among languages is the result of the classification of these speakers. Often such classifications are based on political or cultural factors. Although such classifications are not entirely arbitrary, it is not possible to devise a coherent linguistic set of criteria for the boundaries between languages.
For a list of languages with the smallest numbers of native speakers, see lists of endangered languages.
Nationalencyklopedin
The following table contains the top 100 languages by estimated number of native speakers in the 2007 edition of Nationalencyklopedin. As census methods in different countries vary to a considerable extent, and given that some countries do not record language in their censuses, any list of languages by native speakers, or total speakers, is effectively based on estimates. Updated estimates from 2010 are also provided.[2]
The top eleven languages have additional figures from the 2010 edition of the Nationalencyklopedin. Numbers above 95 million are rounded off to the nearest 5 million.
| Rank | Language | Native speakers in millions 2007 (2010) |
Fraction of world population (2007) |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Mandarin (entire branch) | 935 (955) | 14,1% |
| 2 | Spanish | 390 (405) | 5,85% |
| 3 | English | 365 (360) | 5,52% |
| 4 | Hindi | 295 (310) | 4,46% |
| 5 | Arabic | 280 (295) | 4,23% |
| 6 | Portuguese | 205 (215) | 3,08% |
| 7 | Bengali (Bangla) | 200 (205) | 3,05% |
| 8 | Russian | 160 (155) | 2,42% |
| 9 | Japanese | 125 (125) | 1,92% |
| 10 | Punjabi | 95 (100) | 1,44% |
| 11 | German | 92 (95) | 1,39% |
| 12 | Javanese | 82 | 1,25% |
| 13 | Wu (inc. Shanghainese) | 80 | 1,20% |
| 14 | Malay (inc. Malaysian and Indonesian) | 77 | 1,16% |
| 15 | Telugu | 76 | 1,15% |
| 16 | Vietnamese | 76 | 1,14% |
| 17 | Korean | 76 | 1,14% |
| 18 | French | 75 | 1,12% |
| 19 | Marathi | 73 | 1,10% |
| 20 | Tamil | 70 | 1,06% |
| 21 | Urdu | 66 | 0,99% |
| 22 | Turkish | 63 | 0,95% |
| 23 | Italian | 59 | 0,90% |
| 24 | Yue (incl. Cantonese) | 59 | 0,89% |
| 25 | Thai | 56 | 0,85% |
| 26 | Gujarati | 49 | 0,74% |
| 27 | Jin | 48 | 0,72% |
| 28 | Southern Min (incl. Hokkien and Teochew) | 47 | 0,71% |
| 29 | Persian | 45 | 0,68% |
| 30 | Polish | 40 | 0,61% |
| 31 | Pashto | 39 | 0,58% |
| 32 | Kannada | 38 | 0,58% |
| 33 | Xiang (Hunnanese) | 38 | 0,58% |
| 34 | Malayalam | 38 | 0,57% |
| 35 | Sundanese | 38 | 0,57% |
| 36 | Hausa | 34 | 0,52% |
| 37 | Odia (Oriya) | 33 | 0,50% |
| 38 | Burmese | 33 | 0,50% |
| 39 | Hakka | 31 | 0,46% |
| 40 | Ukrainian | 30 | 0,46% |
| 41 | Bhojpuri | 29 | 0,43% |
| 42 | Tagalog | 28 | 0,42% |
| 43 | Yoruba | 28 | 0,42% |
| 44 | Maithili | 27 | 0,41% |
| 45 | Uzbek | 26 | 0,39% |
| 46 | Sindhi | 26 | 0,39% |
| 47 | Amharic | 25 | 0,37% |
| 48 | Fula | 24 | 0,37% |
| 49 | Romanian | 24 | 0,37% |
| 50 | Oromo | 24 | 0,36% |
| 51 | Igbo | 24 | 0,36% |
| 52 | Azerbaijani | 23 | 0,34% |
| 53 | Awadhi | 22 | 0,33% |
| 54 | Gan Chinese | 22 | 0,33% |
| 55 | Cebuano (Visayan) | 21 | 0,32% |
| 56 | Dutch | 21 | 0,32% |
| 57 | Kurdish | 21 | 0,31% |
| 58 | Serbo-Croatian | 19 | 0,28% |
| 59 | Malagasy | 18 | 0,28% |
| 60 | Saraiki | 17 | 0,26% |
| 61 | Nepali | 17 | 0,25% |
| 62 | Sinhalese | 16 | 0,25% |
| 63 | Chittagonian | 16 | 0,24% |
| 64 | Zhuang | 16 | 0,24% |
| 65 | Khmer | 16 | 0,24% |
| 66 | Turkmen | 16 | 0,24% |
| 67 | Assamese | 15 | 0,23% |
| 68 | Madurese | 15 | 0,23% |
| 69 | Somali | 15 | 0,22% |
| 70 | Marwari | 14 | 0,21% |
| 71 | Magahi | 14 | 0,21% |
| 72 | Haryanvi | 14 | 0,21% |
| 73 | Hungarian | 13 | 0,19% |
| 74 | Chhattisgarhi | 12 | 0,19% |
| 75 | Greek | 12 | 0,18% |
| 76 | Chewa | 12 | 0,17% |
| 77 | Deccan | 11 | 0,17% |
| 78 | Akan | 11 | 0,17% |
| 79 | Kazakh | 11 | 0,17% |
| 80 | Northern MinModelo:Disputed inline | 10.9 | 0,16% |
| 81 | Sylheti | 10.7 | 0,16% |
| 82 | Zulu | 10.4 | 0,16% |
| 83 | Czech | 10.0 | 0,15% |
| 84 | Kinyarwanda | 9.8 | 0,15% |
| 85 | Dhundhari | 9.6 | 0,15% |
| 86 | Haitian Creole | 9.6 | 0,15% |
| 87 | Eastern Min (inc. Fuzhounese) | 9.5 | 0,14% |
| 88 | Ilocano | 9.1 | 0,14% |
| 89 | Quechua | 8.9 | 0,13% |
| 90 | Kirundi | 8.8 | 0,13% |
| 91 | Swedish | 8.7 | 0,13% |
| 92 | Hmong | 8.4 | 0,13% |
| 93 | Shona | 8.3 | 0,13% |
| 94 | Uyghur | 8.2 | 0,12% |
| 95 | Hiligaynon/Ilonggo (Visayan) | 8.2 | 0,12% |
| 96 | Mossi | 7.6 | 0,11% |
| 97 | Xhosa | 7.6 | 0,11% |
| 98 | Belarusian | 7.6 | 0,11% |
| 99 | Balochi | 7.6 | 0,11% |
| 100 | Konkani | 7.4 | 0,11% |
| Total | 5,610 | 85% |
Gráficos
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![Gráfico de burbullas coas linguas representadas en función dos seus falantes nativos.[2]](//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/List_of_languages_by_number_of_native_speakers.png/210px-List_of_languages_by_number_of_native_speakers.png)
Gráfico de burbullas coas linguas representadas en función dos seus falantes nativos.[2]
![Gráfico de burbullas coas linguas representadas en función dos seus falantes nativos.[2]](/wiki/Ficheiro:List_of_languages_by_number_of_native_speakers.png)
Notas
- ↑ Paolillo, John C.; Das, Anupam (31 March 2006). "Evaluating language statistics: the Ethnologue and beyond" (PDF). UNESCO Institute of Statistics. pp. 3–5. Consultado o 8 October 2015.
- ↑ 2,0 2,1 Mikael Parkvall, "Världens 100 största språk 2007" (The World's 100 Largest Languages in 2007), in Nationalencyklopedin. Asterisks mark the 2010 estimates for the top dozen languages.
Véxase tamén
Ligazóns externas
- Lista de linguas de Ethnologue por número de falantes
- Languages Spoken by More Than 10 Million People (Archived 2009-10-31) – Encarta list, based on data from Ethnologue, but some figures (e.g. for Arabic) widely vary from it
- Map of World Languages. Download of MP3 audio files in 1600 language combinations.