Axuda:Caracteres especiais: Diferenzas entre revisións

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=== Mostrando caracteres especiais ===
=== Mostrando caracteres especiais ===
Para mostrar carácteres de Unicode ou especiais nas páxinas de internet, unha ou máis das fontes Unicode, é preciso que elas xa estean instaladas no computador. Para tudo correr correctamente, tamén pode ser necesario facer cambios no menú ''setup'', ''axustes'' ou ''configuración'', do navegador.
<!--- To display Unicode or special characters on web page(s), one or more of the [[List of typefaces#Unicode fonts|Unicode fonts]] need to be present or installed in your computer, first. For proper working functionality, ''setup'' or ''configuration'' or ''settings'' from the web page viewing browser software also needs to be modified.

<!--------- To display Unicode or special characters on web page(s), one or more of the [[List of typefaces#Unicode fonts|Unicode fonts]] need to be present or installed in your computer, first. For proper working functionality, ''setup'' or ''configuration'' or ''settings'' from the web page viewing browser software also needs to be modified.


The default font for Latin scripts in older versions of the [[Internet Explorer]] (IE) web browser for Windows is [[Times New Roman]]. Older editions of the font don't include many [[Mapping of Unicode characters|Unicode blocks]]. To properly view special characters in IE, you must set your browser font settings to a font that includes many Unicode blocks of characters, such as [[TITUS Cyberbit Basic]] and [[GNU Unifont]], which are freely available.
The default font for Latin scripts in older versions of the [[Internet Explorer]] (IE) web browser for Windows is [[Times New Roman]]. Older editions of the font don't include many [[Mapping of Unicode characters|Unicode blocks]]. To properly view special characters in IE, you must set your browser font settings to a font that includes many Unicode blocks of characters, such as [[TITUS Cyberbit Basic]] and [[GNU Unifont]], which are freely available.
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==== Changing Internet Explorer's (IE) default font ====
==== Changing Internet Explorer's (IE) default font ====
From the IE menu bar, follow this path''':''' &nbsp;{{nowrap|Tools &gt; Internet Options &gt; (General tab &gt;) Fonts &gt; Webpage Font:}}<br>
From the IE menu bar, follow this path''':''' &nbsp;{{nowrap|Tools &gt; Internet Options &gt; (General tab &gt;) Fonts &gt; Webpage Font:}}<br>
to a scrolling list of fonts. As indicated above, the default selection for Windows is [[Times New Roman]]. For viewing of many special characters, select a different font, such as [[Lucida Sans Unicode]], and then select '''OK'''.
to a scrolling list of fonts. As indicated above, the default selection for Windows is [[Times New Roman]]. For viewing of many special characters, select a different font, such as [[Lucida Sans Unicode]], and then select '''OK'''.--->


== Fontes para sistemas de escrita específicos ==
==Fonts for specific writing systems==


=== Ancient scripts ===
=== Escritos antigos ===
e.g. [[Phoenician alphabet]], [[Old Italic alphabet]], [[Linear B]], etc.
v.g. [[Alfabeto fenicio]], [[Alfabeto itálico antigo]], [[Lineal B]] etc.


;Usuarios de Windows
;Windows users
Transfira e instale unha destas fontes libremente autorizadas
Please download and install one of these freely licensed fonts
*[http://users.teilar.gr/~g1951d/ Aegean]
* [http://users.teilar.gr/~g1951d/ Exeo]
*[http://www.fonts2u.com/akkadian.font Akkadian/Cuneiform]
* [http://www.fonts2u.com/akkadian.font Acadiano cuneiforme]
*[http://scholarsfonts.net/cardofnt.html Cardo]
* [http://scholarsfonts.net/cardofnt.html Cardo]
*[http://www.wazu.jp/downloads/damase_v.2.zip MPH 2B Damase]
* [http://www.wazu.jp/downloads/damase_v.2.zip MPH 2B Damase]
*[http://www.cs.tut.fi/~jkorpela/code2001.html Code2001]
* [http://www.cs.tut.fi/~jkorpela/code2001.html Code2001]
*[http://junicode.sourceforge.net/ Junicode]
* [http://junicode.sourceforge.net/ Junicode]


;Usuarios de Linux
;Linux users
If using a [[Debian]]-based Linux (e.g. Ubuntu, Linux Mint), please download and install [[deb (file format)|deb package]] <code>ttf-ancient-fonts</code> by entering in [[Linux console|terminal]]:
Se utiliza un Linux baseado na distro Debian (p. ex. Ubuntu, Linux Mint), transfira e instale paquete [[deb (formato de arquivo)|deb]] <code>ttf-ancient-fonts</code>, introducindo no [[Consola Linux|terminal]]:
:<code>sudo apt-get install ttf-ancient-fonts</code>
:<code>sudo apt-get install ttf-ancient-fonts</code>


=== Shavian text ===
=== Alfabeto Shaw ===
* Copyleft font is available from [http://www.i18nguy.com/unicode/unicode-font.html here].
* Fonte'' [[copyleft]]'' está dispoñible [http://www.i18nguy.com/unicode/unicode-font.html aquí].


=== Glagolitic text ===
=== Alfabeto glagolítico ===
* ''MPH 2B'' from [http://www.wazu.jp/gallery/Fonts_Glagolitic.html here].
* ''MPH 2B'' [http://www.wazu.jp/gallery/Fonts_Glagolitic.html aquí].


== Alfabeto Fonético Internacional ==
== IPA symbols ==
Most [[International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA symbols]] are not included in the most widely used form of [[Times Roman|Times New Roman]] (though they are included in the version provided with [[Windows Vista]]), the default font for Latin scripts in [[Internet Explorer]] for [[Microsoft Windows|Windows]]. To properly view IPA symbols in that browser, you must set it to use a [[List of typefaces|font]] which includes the IPA extensions characters. Such fonts include [[Lucida Sans Unicode]], which comes with [[Windows XP]]; [[Gentium]], [[Charis SIL]], [[Doulos SIL]], [[DejaVu fonts|DejaVu Sans]], or [[Bitstream Cyberbit|TITUS Cyberbit]], which are [[free software Unicode typefaces|freely available]]; or [[Arial Unicode MS]], which comes with [[Microsoft Office]].
A mor parte dos símbolos IPA non están incluídos na forma máis amplamente utilizada da fonte [[Times New Roman]] (aínda que sexan incluídos na versión do [[Windows Vista]]), a fonte estándar para escrita latina do [[Internet Explorer]] para Windows. Para ara poder ver adecuadamente os símbolos IPA neste navegador, é necesario axustalo para incluír unha [[w:List of typefaces|paleta]] con este tipo de extensión, que inclúen [[Lucida Sans Unicode]], xa inclusa no paquete do Windows XP; [[Gentium]], [[Charis SIL]], [[Doulos SIL]], DejaVu Sans, ou TITUS Cyberbit, que están libremente dispoñíbeis; ou Arial Unicode MS, que vén con Microsoft Office.


On this page, we have forced Internet Explorer to use such a font by default, so it should appear correctly, but this has not yet been done to all the other pages containing IPA. This also applies to other pages using [[meta:Help:Special characters|special symbols]]. Bear this in mind if you see error symbols such as "຦"--><!-- The symbol used here, which is a valid but currently unassigned Unicode character U+0EA6, is here to demonstrate what the reader will see if they encounter a valid character which is missing in their fonts. Browsers like Firefox usually display these as a box, sometimes with the character code written inside; they do not display them as the replacement character. Thus, please, do not replace this character with U+FFFD REPLACEMENT CHARACTER "�". Please do not change it to a Noncharacter such as U+FDD0 either: Noncharacters are for applications to use internally, and as such are "forbidden for use in open interchange of Unicode text data", and may get replaced by U+FFFD (see section 16.7 of Unicode, version 5.2). --><!-- in articles.
Nesta páxina, o Internet Explorer é forzado a utilizar tal fonte por padrón, así debería aparecer correctamente, pero isto non foi aínda feito a todas as outras páxinas que conteñen IPA. Isto tamén se aplica a outras páxinas que utilizan símbolos especiais. Leve isto en consideración, no caso de que sexan vistos símbolos de erros coma "຦"<!-- The symbol used here, which is a valid but currently unassigned Unicode character U+0EA6, is here to demonstrate what the reader will see if they encounter a valid character which is missing in their fonts. Browsers like Firefox usually display these as a box, sometimes with the character code written inside; they do not display them as the replacement character. Thus, please, do not replace this character with U+FFFD REPLACEMENT CHARACTER "�". Please do not change it to a Noncharacter such as U+FDD0 either: Noncharacters are for applications to use internally, and as such are "forbidden for use in open interchange of Unicode text data", and may get replaced by U+FFFD (see section 16.7 of Unicode, version 5.2). --> nos artigos.


Special symbols should display properly without further configuration with [[Mozilla Firefox]], [[Konqueror]], [[Opera (web browser)|Opera]], [[Safari (web browser)|Safari]] and most other recent browsers.
Símbolos especiais deben ser vistos normalmente, sen a necesidade doutros axustes, nos navegadores [[Mozilla Firefox]], [[Konqueror]], [[Opera (navegador)|Opera]], [[Safari (navegador)|Safari]] e outros aínda máis recentes.


== ¿Cal [[Codificación de caracteres|conxunto de caracteres]] é usado na Galipedia? ==
== What character encoding is Wikipedia using? ==


From MediaWiki 1.5, all projects use '''[[w:Unicode|Unicode]] ([[w:UTF-8|UTF-8]])''' [[w:character encoding|character encoding]].
Des MediaWiki 1.5, todos os proxectos utilizan '''[[w:Unicode|Unicode]] ([[w:UTF-8|UTF-8]])'''.


Until the end of June 2005, when this new version came into use on Wikimedia projects, the English, Dutch, Danish, and Swedish Wikipedias used [[w:Windows-1252|Windows-1252]] (they declared themselves to be [[w:ISO-8859-1|ISO-8859-1]] but in reality browsers treat the two as synonymous and the MediaWiki software made no attempt to prevent use of characters exclusive to windows-1252). Pre-upgrade wikitext in their databases remains stored in Windows-1252 and is converted on load (some of it may also have been converted by gradual changes in the way history is stored). Edits made since the upgrade will be stored as UTF-8 in the database. This conversion on load process is invisible to users. It is also invisible to reusers as Wikimedia now uses [[m:Data dumps#What happened to the SQL dumps.3F|XML dumps rather than database dumps]].
<!---------Until the end of June 2005, when this new version came into use on Wikimedia projects, the English, Dutch, Danish, and Swedish Wikipedias used [[w:Windows-1252|Windows-1252]] (they declared themselves to be [[w:ISO-8859-1|ISO-8859-1]] but in reality browsers treat the two as synonymous and the MediaWiki software made no attempt to prevent use of characters exclusive to windows-1252). Pre-upgrade wikitext in their databases remains stored in Windows-1252 and is converted on load (some of it may also have been converted by gradual changes in the way history is stored). Edits made since the upgrade will be stored as UTF-8 in the database. This conversion on load process is invisible to users. It is also invisible to reusers as Wikimedia now uses [[m:Data dumps#What happened to the SQL dumps.3F|XML dumps rather than database dumps]].


;Unicode (UTF-8)
;Unicode (UTF-8)
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* [http://www.tacowidgets.com/widgets/ CharacterPal]—Free Mac OS X Dashboard Widget that displays key combinations for special characters
* [http://www.tacowidgets.com/widgets/ CharacterPal]—Free Mac OS X Dashboard Widget that displays key combinations for special characters
* [http://rishida.net/tools/conversion/ Unicode Code Converter]—conversion between copy-pasteable characters, Unicode notation, html, percent encodings and other formats, helpful when trying to enter or interpret characters
* [http://rishida.net/tools/conversion/ Unicode Code Converter]—conversion between copy-pasteable characters, Unicode notation, html, percent encodings and other formats, helpful when trying to enter or interpret characters
* [http://shapecatcher.com Shapecatcher]—online tool to find Unicode characters by drawing them
* [http://shapecatcher.com Shapecatcher]—ferramenta ''online'' para atopar caracteres Unicode debuxándoos


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Revisión como estaba o 11 de xaneiro de 2015 ás 04:57

Moitos caracteres que non se atopan nos teclados estándar dos ordenadores poden mostrarse útiles, quizais imprescindíbeis, para algúns proxectos que non utilizan só do alfabeto latino. Esta páxina contén as recomendacións sobre aqueles símbolos de uso seguro e como os empregar.

Edición

Véxase Axuda:Usando caracteres especiais.

Visualización

A maioría dos navegadores actuais posúen certo nivel de soporte á exhibición de texto Unicode, pero algúns son máis eficientes do que outros. Frecuentemente, o problema máis común é que o Internet Explorer baséase conexións de fonte preaxustadas no rexistro do sistema, en vez de realmente buscar realmente unha fonte de carácteres que poida exhibir un símbolo ou letra. Isto implica, moitas veces, forzar que o navegador use fontes particulares. Existen na Galipedia unha serie de marcadores que fan iso. Por exemplo, o modelo {{unicode}} é usado para texto Unicode en xeral e o modelo {{IPA}}, para o Alfabeto Fonético Internacional. O material en Windows Glyph List 4 debe ser seguro para usar sen a necesidade destas medidas extras.

<font face="Arial Unicode MS">...</font> debe funcionar, mais só nos computadores que teñan instalada esta fonte.

Windows 7

O soporte Unicode é estendido trala instalación do paquete opcional Windows Update KB2729094[1], dispoñíbel para as versións de 32-bit e 64-bit do Windows 7 SP1 des Microsoft Download Center. Este backport do Windows 8 actualiza a fonte Segoe UI, engadindo soporte do navegador para Emoji e outros símbolos para o Windows 7.

Mostrando caracteres especiais

Para mostrar carácteres de Unicode ou especiais nas páxinas de internet, unha ou máis das fontes Unicode, é preciso que elas xa estean instaladas no computador. Para tudo correr correctamente, tamén pode ser necesario facer cambios no menú setup, axustes ou configuración, do navegador.


Fontes para sistemas de escrita específicos

Escritos antigos

v.g. Alfabeto fenicio, Alfabeto itálico antigo, Lineal B etc.

Usuarios de Windows

Transfira e instale unha destas fontes libremente autorizadas

Usuarios de Linux

Se utiliza un Linux baseado na distro Debian (p. ex. Ubuntu, Linux Mint), transfira e instale paquete deb ttf-ancient-fonts, introducindo no terminal:

sudo apt-get install ttf-ancient-fonts

Alfabeto Shaw

Alfabeto glagolítico

Alfabeto Fonético Internacional

A mor parte dos símbolos IPA non están incluídos na forma máis amplamente utilizada da fonte Times New Roman (aínda que sexan incluídos na versión do Windows Vista), a fonte estándar para escrita latina do Internet Explorer para Windows. Para ara poder ver adecuadamente os símbolos IPA neste navegador, é necesario axustalo para incluír unha paleta con este tipo de extensión, que inclúen Lucida Sans Unicode, xa inclusa no paquete do Windows XP; Gentium, Charis SIL, Doulos SIL, DejaVu Sans, ou TITUS Cyberbit, que están libremente dispoñíbeis; ou Arial Unicode MS, que vén con Microsoft Office.

Nesta páxina, o Internet Explorer é forzado a utilizar tal fonte por padrón, así debería aparecer correctamente, pero isto non foi aínda feito a todas as outras páxinas que conteñen IPA. Isto tamén se aplica a outras páxinas que utilizan símbolos especiais. Leve isto en consideración, no caso de que sexan vistos símbolos de erros coma "຦" nos artigos.

Símbolos especiais deben ser vistos normalmente, sen a necesidade doutros axustes, nos navegadores Mozilla Firefox, Konqueror, Opera, Safari e outros aínda máis recentes.

¿Cal conxunto de caracteres é usado na Galipedia?

Des MediaWiki 1.5, todos os proxectos utilizan Unicode (UTF-8).

Notas

Véxase tamén

Outros artigos

Ligazóns externas